Research Advances in the Analysis of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Milk and Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products are sources of exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (e-EDCs). Estrogenic disruptors can accumulate in organisms through the food chain and may negatively affect ecosystems and organisms even at low concentrations. Therefore, the analysis of e-EDCs in dairy products is of practical significance. Continuous efforts have been made to establish effective methods to detect e-EDCs, using convenient sample pretreatments and simple steps. This review aims to summarize the recently reported pretreatment methods for estrogenic disruptors, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), determination methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and biosensors, to provide a reliable theoretical basis and operational method for e-EDC analysis in the future.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the pretreatment and determination methods for estrogenic disruptors in dairy products. Solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid phase microextraction (LPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and biosensors are discussed as potential techniques for analyzing e-EDCs. The findings provide a reliable theoretical basis and operational method for future e-EDC analysis.