Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on COVID-19 Infection by Targeting the Gut-Lung Axis Microbial Cross-Talk

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Lactobacillus plantarum induces innate cytokine responses that potentially provide a protective benefit against COVID-19: A single-arm, double-blind, prospective trial combined with an in vitro cytokine response assay

Yasunari Kageyama et al.

Summary: Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with COVID-19, and this study demonstrates that Lactobacillus plantarum can enhance immune response and reduce IL-6 levels, suggesting its potential as a probiotic for COVID-19.

EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Anxo Fernandez-Ferreiro et al.

Summary: A study was conducted to assess the immune response of the COVID-19 vaccine in elderly individuals, who are particularly vulnerable to the disease. The study found that consumption of the probiotic Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 may enhance the specific immune response against COVID-19 and improve the effectiveness of the vaccine in the elderly population.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Pedro Gutierrez-Castrellon et al.

Summary: This study suggests that probiotic supplementation can improve lung homeostasis by interacting with the host's immune system, thereby reducing symptoms and severity of COVID-19 infection.

GUT MICROBES (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alteration of the gut microbiota following SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with disease severity in hamsters

Valentin Sencio et al.

Summary: Mounting evidence suggests that the gut plays a critical role during respiratory viral infections. Using a hamster model, this study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to intestinal inflammation, altered intestinal barrier property, liver inflammation, and disrupted lipid metabolism. The changes were accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota composition, characterized by an increase in harmful bacterial taxa and a decrease in bacteria that produce SCFAs. These alterations in the gut microbiota were correlated with disease severity in hamsters.

GUT MICROBES (2022)

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Review Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Is Regular Probiotic Practice Safe for Management of Sepsis?

Rishabh Kumar et al.

Summary: Probiotics play a crucial role in sepsis treatment by improving inflammation and preventing deterioration. However, they may also trigger sepsis in certain cases and do not always provide benefits.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Respiratory dysfunction three months after severe COVID-19 is associated with gut microbiota alterations

Beate Vestad et al.

Summary: Respiratory dysfunction after COVID-19 is associated with altered gut microbiota and persistently elevated LBP levels. Our results suggest a potential gut-lung axis that should be further investigated in relation to long-term pulmonary dysfunction and long COVID.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antiviral effects of probiotic metabolites on COVID-19

Firoz Anwar et al.

Summary: SARS coronavirus (COVID-19) poses a significant health challenge in the 21st century. This study focuses on using probiotics to block virus entry into cells and potentially treat COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Depicting SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19

Tao Zuo et al.

Summary: This study reveals active and prolonged 'quiescent' gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19, even without gastrointestinal manifestations and after recovery from respiratory infection. Patients with active SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection have a gut microbiota characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and an increased functional capacity for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.

GUT (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19

Yun Kit Yeoh et al.

Summary: This study found that the gut microbiome composition was significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 individuals, regardless of medication received. Certain gut commensals known for their immunomodulatory potential were underrepresented in patients and remained low even after disease resolution. Additionally, the altered gut microbiome composition correlated with disease severity and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers.

GUT (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates PDE4B-mediated interleukin-6 induced by SARS-CoV-2 membrane glycoprotein

Minh Tan Pham et al.

Summary: The membrane glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 can induce IL-6 production in mice, but this effect can be reduced by down-regulating PDE4B expression with butyric acid from the fermentation of L. rhamnosus EH8. Supplementing mice with L. rhamnosus and mycelia can significantly decrease membrane glycoprotein-induced PDE4B expression and IL-6 secretion, showing potential for probiotics in treating the cytokine storm in COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19

Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, with prolonged gastrointestinal manifestations possibly linked to alterations in gut microbiota and immune responses; the bidirectional interactions between respiratory mucosa and gut microbiota may play a crucial role in immune responses to the virus.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Microbiome Profiling Using Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Identified Unique Microorganisms in COVID-19 Patients With Altered Gut Microbiota

Sijia Li et al.

Summary: The study shows significant alterations of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19, which are related to disease severity. Analysis of gut microbiome can distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals, providing new insights for early diagnosis.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Probiotics Regulating Inflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19

Arezina N. Kasti et al.

Summary: Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes formed by the host's immune system in response to microbial infection and cellular damage, with recent studies implicating NLRP3 in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Probiotics counteract inflammation and modulate cytokine release, showing potential benefits for inflammatory conditions. Probiotics may block virus invasion and replication through metabolites and have the potential to regulate the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome modulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection management.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Letter Oncology

The volatile and heterogeneous gut microbiota shifts of COVID-19 patients over the course of a probiotics-assisted therapy

Chunyan Wu et al.

CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Boosting Vaccine-Elicited Respiratory Mucosal and Systemic COVID-19 Immunity in Mice With the Oral Lactobacillus plantarum

Jianqing Xu et al.

Summary: Research has shown that oral administration of the unique strain of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE (LPG) can enhance SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses, promoting both the effectiveness and durability of the vaccine. This approach boosts neutralizing antibodies levels and maintains stable T-cell responses in both respiratory and systemic compartments.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiota and sepsis: from pathogenesis to novel treatments

Robert F. J. Kullberg et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that the composition of the gut microbiome is significantly altered during sepsis, leading to increased susceptibility and adverse outcomes. Microbiota-derived metabolites play a crucial role in enhancing host immune response. While microbiota-targeted therapies may be beneficial, they also come with risks.

CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Gut Dysbiosis during COVID-19 and Potential Effect of Probiotics

Yuan-Pin Hung et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the lungs through respiratory transmission but can also cause gastrointestinal inflammation, potentially affecting the severity of COVID-19. Probiotics play a crucial role in maintaining gut microbiota balance and may have potential preventive or therapeutic effects for COVID-19 patients.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Immunobiotic Lactobacilli Improve Resistance of Respiratory Epithelial Cells to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Md. Aminul Islam et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the beneficial effects of immunomodulatory lactobacilli on respiratory virus infections, particularly in reducing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Specific strains of immunobiotic lactobacilli like L. plantarum MPL16 or CRL1506 may positively influence the immune response and replication of the new coronavirus, showing potential for prevention or treatment of COVID-19 pending further mechanistic studies and in vivo experiments.

PATHOGENS (2021)

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Correction Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Probiotics reduce self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in overweight and obese adults: should we be considering probiotics during viral pandemics? (vol 13, 1900997, 2021)

Benjamin H. Mullish et al.

Summary: Probiotics have shown potential in reducing URTI symptoms, particularly in overweight/obese individuals, with data supporting further trials to assess their role in preventing viral URTI, including COVID-19.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates alters the composition and functional activity of the gut microbiota

Harry Sokol et al.

Summary: This study utilized a macaque model to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota, revealing significant changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota post-infection. Some alterations in the microbiota persisted even after the infection was resolved.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal