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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Giuseppe Lippi et al.
Summary: Measuring the level of protection provided by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is a reliable approach for predicting biological protection against COVID-19. However, the vast mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may compromise the reliability of current commercial immunoassays.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Summary: Early studies indicate that the BA.2 lineage may contribute to the prolongation of the Omicron wave.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Philipp Girl et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of four commercially available tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. The overall sensitivity and specificity varied among lateral flow assays, while surrogate ELISA tests showed higher sensitivity. All tests demonstrated the highest sensitivity when testing samples from fully vaccinated individuals.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daichi Yamasoba et al.
Summary: Research has shown that the Omicron lineage BA.1 has been outpaced by a new Omicron lineage, BA.2, which is more transmissible. Immunity induced by COVID vaccines does not effectively protect against BA.2, similar to BA.1, and BA.2 has notable antigenic differences from BA.1. BA.2 spike shows higher replication efficacy and cell fusion capability compared to BA.1 spike. Infection experiments on hamsters indicate that BA.2 spike-bearing virus is more pathogenic than BA.1 spike-bearing virus. Overall, these findings suggest that the risk of BA.2 to global health is potentially higher than that of BA.1.
Article
Virology
Christoph Jung et al.
Summary: The recently identified Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the fifth variant of concern and is characterized by significant changes in the viral Spike protein, possibly leading to increased transmission efficiency and evasion of neutralizing antibodies. Despite quickly outcompeting the Delta variant, Omicron appears to be overall less pathogenic than other variants.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Prerna Arora et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Annika Roessler et al.
Summary: Although some antibodies generated in persons recovering from infection with the omicron variant show cross-reactivity, a group of unvaccinated individuals were found to have largely ineffective antibodies against other viral strains.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Justyna Sieber et al.
Summary: Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 generate long-lasting antibody and T cell responses for over 12 months, but these responses have poor neutralizing activity against the omicron variant. However, vaccination of pre-immune children significantly improves the omicron-neutralizing capacity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marianne Graninger et al.
Summary: This study analyzed neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in individuals recovered from infection in 2020 and vaccinees. The results showed that non-hospitalized patients had the lowest neutralization titers, while hospitalized patients had similar or higher titers compared to vaccinated individuals. Neutralizing activity declined significantly after six months and mutations in the infecting strain's spike protein affected neutralization.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Petter Brodin et al.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Iris Medits et al.
Summary: Our study demonstrates that primary infections with Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 mainly induce variant-specific neutralizing antibodies, although the Omicron variants are able to enhance cross-neutralizing antibody levels in pre-immune individuals. These findings contribute significantly to understanding the antibody responses induced by primary Omicron infections or multiple exposures to different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and are particularly important for developing vaccination strategies in the future.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Trisha Radia et al.
Summary: MIS-C, associated with Covid-19, shows higher incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms and severity, with the majority of cases requiring intensive care support.
PAEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Isabel Montesinos et al.
Summary: The prediction of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by commercially available serologic tests is crucial for assessing vaccination efficacy. Different immunoassays show varying performance in detecting neutralizing antibodies, which can be useful for monitoring the antibody response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Laura Olbrich et al.
Summary: This study compared different SARS-CoV-2 testing methods using a large sample size and found varying levels of sensitivity, specificity, and effectiveness. In true-positive samples, the titres of serological indicators decreased over time, particularly in the period of 30 to 90 days after testing positive for the virus.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Georg Semmler et al.
Summary: This study found that differences in sensitivity among commercial immunoassays during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are only partly related to the target antigen. NCP-specific IgA and IgG antibodies are detected earlier, while higher levels of S1-specific IgA antibodies occur in severely ill patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Young Joo Suh et al.
Summary: In patients with COVID-19, the incidence rates of PE and DVT were 16.5% and 14.8%, respectively, with over half of PE patients lacking DVT. The cutoff values of D-dimer levels seem applicable to patients with COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Niko Kohmer et al.
Summary: The PRNT and alternative detection methods show differences in clinical performance and laboratory safety conditions, with high sensitivity and specificity for clinical samples.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Curt J. Daniels et al.
Summary: In this study of 1597 competitive athletes in the US who underwent CMR screening after COVID-19 infection, 37 athletes (2.3%) were diagnosed with clinical and subclinical myocarditis. There was variability in prevalence across universities, and testing protocols were closely associated with the detection of myocarditis. The unique CMR imaging data highlight the need for standardized timing and interpretation of cardiac testing for safe return to play in athletes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Pediatrics
Christina A. Rostad et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maximilian Koblischke et al.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2020)
