Research into Meteorological Drought in Poland during the Growing Season from 1951 to 2020 Using the Standardized Precipitation Index

Meteorological drought (MDr) causes considerable economic losses in many countries, including in relation to agriculture. To examine the diversity of seasonal meteorological drought in Poland, the study uses monthly precipitation sums in the period from March to November, collected from 74 ground-based meteorological stations in 1951-2020. The paper defines meteorological drought on the basis of the standardized precipitation index in three seasons (SPI-3) and differentiates three degrees of drought intensity: extreme, severe and moderate. The study also calculates the size of Poland's area affected by meteorological drought (AAMDr) and determines the relationship between AAMDr and SPI-3. MDr in Poland occurred more frequently in spring and autumn (every 4-5 years) than in summer (every 7 years). In the areas affected by extreme drought, precipitation was below the average, mainly <= 50% of the climatic norm, and air temperature values were below or above the average of the climatic norm, mainly ranging from -1.0 to 1.0 degrees C. A significant negative correlation between AAMDr and SPI-3 indices was found. The obtained results could be useful for managing climatic risk and developing regional and local agriculture adaptation plans aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change.

Automated summary

This study examines the diversity of seasonal meteorological drought in Poland using monthly precipitation data from 74 meteorological stations. The results show that meteorological drought occurs more frequently in spring and autumn in Poland, and areas affected by extreme drought experience below-average precipitation. The study also finds a significant negative correlation between the size of the affected area and the standardized precipitation index.