Spinal muscular atrophy carrier frequency in Saudi Arabia

Background: Spinal Muscular Dystrophy (SMA) is one of the leading causes of death in infants and young children from heritable diseases. Although no large-scale popultion-based studies have been done in Saudi Arabia, it is reported that the incidence of SMA is higher in the Saudi population partly because of the high degree of consanguineous marriages. Methods: The final analysis included 4198 normal volunteers aged between 18 and 25 years old, 54.7% males, and 45.3% females. Whole blood was spotted directly from finger pricks onto IsoCode StixTM and genomic DNA was isolated using one triangle from the machine. To discern the SMN1 copy number independently from SMN2, Multiplex PCR with Dral restriction fragment analysis was completed. We used the carrier frequency and population-level data to estimate the prevalence of SMA in the population using the life-table method. Results: This data analysis showed the presence of one copy of the SMN1 gene in 108 samples and two copies in 4090 samples, which resulted from a carrier frequency of 2.6%. The carrier frequency was twofold in females reaching 3.7% compared to 1.6% in males. 27% of participants were children of first-cousin marriages. We estimated the birth incidence of SMA to be 32 per 100,000 birth and the total number of people living with SMA in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be 2265 of which 188 are type I, 1213 are type II, and 8,64 are type III. Conclusion: The SMA carrier rate of 2.6% in Saudi control subjects is slightly higher than the reported global frequency of 1.25 to 2% with links to the high degree of consanguinity.

Automated summary

This study investigated the prevalence of Spinal Muscular Dystrophy (SMA) in Saudi Arabia and found a relatively high incidence rate, partly due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages. The study showed that the carrier frequency of SMA in Saudi Arabia is 2.6%, with a higher rate in females compared to males. The estimated number of people living with SMA in Saudi Arabia is 2265.