Harnessing Ultrasound for Targeting Drug Delivery to the Brain and Breaching the Blood-Brain Tumour Barrier

Despite significant advances in developing drugs to treat brain tumours, achieving therapeutic concentrations of the drug at the tumour site remains a major challenge due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several strategies have evolved to enhance brain delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to treat tumours; however, most approaches have several limitations which hinder their clinical utility. Promising studies indicate that ultrasound can penetrate the skull to target specific brain regions and transiently open the BBB, safely and reversibly, with a high degree of spatial and temporal specificity. In this review, we initially describe the basics of therapeutic ultrasound, then detail ultrasound-based drug delivery strategies to the brain and the mechanisms by which ultrasound can improve brain tumour therapy. We review pre-clinical and clinical findings from ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and drug delivery studies and outline current therapeutic ultrasound devices and technologies designed for this purpose.

Automated summary

This article reviews the application of ultrasound in treating brain tumors. Ultrasound can penetrate the skull to safely and reversibly open the blood-brain barrier, allowing for enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor sites. The article describes the basics of therapeutic ultrasound, ultrasound-based drug delivery strategies, mechanisms of ultrasound in improving brain tumor therapy, and the current ultrasound devices and technologies available for this purpose.