Real world data on light chain cardiac amyloidosis: Still a delayed diagnosis

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) represents a myocardial disorder developed by fibril deposition of a heterogeneous group of misfolding proteins. Despite being rare, a high clinical index of suspicion and novel advanced diagnostic methods seem to facilitate its early recognition. Currently nine types of cardiac amyloidosis have been described with AL and ATTR being the most common. Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a life-threatening disease, resulting from clonal plasma cells that produce amyloidogenic light chain fragments causing organ damage including the heart. Morbidity and mortality of these patients is strongly associated with the severity of cardiac involvement. Thus, early and precise diagnosis is crucial for prompt treatment initiation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed data of 36 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with AL amyloidosis and treated in our center over the past 15 years. Heart involvement was present in 33 (92%) of them while 76% had severe cardiac disease as of stage IIIa and IIIb, according to the Mayo2004/European staging system. Almost one third of these patients experienced an early death occurring the first five months of diagnosis. To capture everyday clinical practice, we provide details on clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and outcome of these patients.

Automated summary

Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare myocardial disorder characterized by fibril deposition of misfolding proteins. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for prompt treatment initiation, as the severity of cardiac involvement is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. Light chain amyloidosis is a life-threatening disease caused by clonal plasma cells producing amyloidogenic light chain fragments.