Neonatal Platelets: Lower G12/13 Expression Contributes to Reduced Secretion of Dense Granules

Despite fully functional primary hemostasis, platelets of healthy neonates exhibit hypoaggregability and secretion defects, which may be adaptations to specific requirements in this developmental stage. The etiologies for reduced signal transduction vary with the type of agonist. The discovered peculiarities are lower receptor densities, reduced calcium mobilization, and functional impairments of G proteins. Reduced secretion of dense granules has been attributed to lower numbers of granules. Signaling studies with adult platelets have shown a regulating effect of the G(12/13) signaling pathway on dense granule secretion via RhoA. We comparatively analyzed secretion profiles using flow cytometry and expression levels of G(q), G(i), and G(12/13) using Western blot analysis in platelets from cord blood and adults. Furthermore, we evaluated Rho activation after in vitro platelet stimulation with thrombin using a pulldown assay. We observed a markedly reduced expression of the dense granule marker CD63 on neonatal platelets after thrombin stimulation. G(alpha 12/13) expression was significantly decreased in neonatal platelets and correlated with lower Rho activation after thrombin stimulation. We conclude that lower expression of G(12/13) in neonatal platelets results in attenuated activation of Rho and may contribute to reduced secretion of dense granules after exposure to thrombin.

Automated summary

Despite functional primary hemostasis, healthy neonates exhibit reduced platelet aggregation and secretion due to lower receptor densities, reduced calcium mobilization, and impaired G protein function. Reduced secretion of dense granules in neonatal platelets is attributed to lower numbers of granules, and this may be caused by attenuated activation of Rho due to lower expression of G(12/13).