Prognostic Relevance of Nuclear Receptors in Relation to Peritumoral Inflammation and Tumor Infiltration by Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer

Simple Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a panel of 264 sporadic breast cancers by quantifying TIL levels according to Salgado and correlate this with type I and II nuclear receptor expression. Breast cancer cases with a TIL Salgado score of >15% showed a significantly decreased overall survival and peritumoral inflammation (according to Klintrup) determined the prognostic value of ER, PR, and PPAR gamma in BC. Therefore, the present study demonstrates significant relations between TIL levels, nuclear receptor expression and prognosis in breast cancer. The prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is intensively investigated in breast cancer (BC). It is already known that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive type of BC, has the highest percentage of TILs. In addition, there is an influence of steroid hormone receptor expression (type I nuclear receptors) on TIL subpopulations in breast cancer tissue. The link between type II nuclear receptors and the level of TILs is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify TILs in a panel of 264 sporadic breast cancers and investigate the correlation of TIL levels with type I and II nuclear receptors expression. TIL levels were significantly increased in the subgroup of TNBC. By contrast, they decreased in estrogen (ER)- or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive cases. Moreover, TIL levels were correlated with type II nuclear receptors, including PPAR gamma, with a significant inverse correlation of the nuclear form (r = -0.727, p < 0.001) and a weak positive correlation of the cytoplasmic form (r = 0.202, p < 0.002). Surprisingly, BC cases with a TIL Salgado score of >15% showed a significantly decreased overall survival. In addition, peritumoral inflammation was also quantified in BC tissue samples. In our cohort, although the level of peritumoral inflammation was not correlated with OS, it determined the prognostic value of ER, PR, and PPAR gamma in BC. Altogether, the present study provides a differentiated overview of the relations between nuclear receptor expression, TIL levels, peritumoral inflammation, and prognosis in BC.

Automated summary

This study investigates the correlation between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), nuclear receptor expression, and prognosis in breast cancer. It reveals a significant relationship between TIL levels, nuclear receptor expression, and overall survival, providing important insights for breast cancer prognosis.