Low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites: Evolution and future prospects of solar cells

Low-dimensional (LD) Sn-based perovskites feature high formation energy and hydrophobicity, which display markedly enhanced air stability and have been extensively explored in LD perovskite solar cells (PSCs). With the evergrowing research of LD Sn-based PSCs, systematic analysis and coordination of the abstruse mechanism of stability are required for preparing high-performance LD Sn-based PSCs. In this review, we first provide a summary of the structural characteristics of LD Sn-based perovskite and focus on the impact of diversiform organic spacer cations on LD Sn-based perovskite structure, carrier properties, and solar cells. Then, we discuss the current understanding of the widespread crystallization kinetics responsible for the improved LD Sn-based perovskite film properties, thereby providing a broad opportunity to generalize the universality of various strategies for solar cell applications. Finally, the current challenges and future research prospects for efficient and stable LD Sn-based PSCs are discussed.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the structural characteristics of low-dimensional (LD) Sn-based perovskites and discusses the impact of diverse organic spacer cations on their structure, properties, and solar cell performance. It also provides a comprehensive understanding of the widespread crystallization kinetics responsible for the improved film properties of LD Sn-based perovskites, offering opportunities for various solar cell applications. In addition, the review identifies the current challenges and future research prospects for efficient and stable LD Sn-based perovskite solar cells.