Dental Ceramics: Fabrication Methods and Aesthetic Characterization

This study aimed to describe different staining protocols for the main dental ceramics. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main health databases PubMed and Scholar Google, in which 100 studies published were collected. In vitro and in silico studies, case reports, and systematic and literature reviews, on ceramic materials, were included. Therefore, articles that did not deal with the topic addressed were excluded. Ceramics can be classified into glass-matrix ceramics (etchable), polycrystalline (non-etchable), and hybrid ceramics. In this context, different fabrication methods, method indications, and characterization layers can be used for each ceramic group and numerous protocols differ according to the choice of material. Several ceramic systems are available, thus professionals in the prosthetic area need constant updates on dental ceramic restorations and their proper characterizations.

Automated summary

This study describes different staining protocols for dental ceramics. It found that ceramics can be classified into different types, each requiring unique fabrication methods and staining protocols. It highlights the importance for professionals in the prosthetic area to stay updated on the latest developments and characterizations of dental ceramic restorations.