Generation of continuous-variable high- dimensional entanglement with three degrees of freedom and multiplexing quantum dense coding

High-dimensional entanglement is a critical foundation for the growing demand for information capacity to implement the high-capacity quantum task. Here, we report continuous-variable high-dimensional entanglement with three degrees of freedom (frequency, polarization, and orbital angular momentum) directly generated with a single type-II optical parametric oscillator (OPO) cavity. By compensating both for dispersion in frequency modes and astigmatism in higher-order transverse modes, the OPO is capable of oscillating simultaneously and outputting thousands of entanglement pairs. The three degrees of freedom high-dimensional entanglement are verified simultaneously possessing frequency comb, spin, and orbital angular momentum entanglement via 14 pairs of Hermite-Gaussian mode correlations measurement. Then, the space-frequency multiplexing quantum dense coding communication is also demonstrated by using the entanglement resource. It shows the great supe-riority of high-dimensional entanglement in implementing the high-capacity quantum task. Apart from an in-creased channel capacity, it is possible to conduct deterministic high-dimensional quantum protocols, quantum imaging, and especially quantum computing. (c) 2022 Chinese Laser Press

Automated summary

This study reports the generation of continuous-variable high-dimensional entanglement using a single OPO cavity and verifies its entanglement in terms of frequency, spin, and orbital angular momentum. Furthermore, the advantages of high-dimensional entanglement in quantum communication and its potential applications in quantum protocols, quantum imaging, and quantum computing are demonstrated.