Hepatic iNKT cells produce type 2 cytokines and restrain antiviral T cells during acute hepacivirus infection

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Periphery blood iNKT cell activation correlates with liver damage during acute hepatitis C

Tina Senff et al.

Summary: The activation of iNKT cells is closely related to the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection and may be involved in liver damage.

JCI INSIGHT (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The human liver microenvironment shapes the homing and function of CD4+ T-cell populations

Benjamin G. Wiggins et al.

Summary: This study found that high and intermediate CD69 expressions marked human hepatic CD4(+) T-RM and a novel functionally distinct recirculating population, both shaped by the liver microenvironment to achieve diverse immunosurveillance.

GUT (2022)

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Review Immunology

Deconstructing iNKT cell development at single-cell resolution

Thomas Baranek et al.

Summary: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are important biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity of iNKT cells and challenged our understanding of their development and differentiation. A new model is proposed to explain the classification and differentiation of iNKT cells.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Re-programming mouse liver-resident invariant natural killer T cells for suppressing hepatic and diabetogenic autoimmunity

Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa et al.

Summary: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in the liver exhibit plasticity and can differentiate into regulatory B cells to suppress liver and pancreas autoimmunity upon systemic treatment with lipid nanoparticles.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Genomic and Transcriptional Mechanisms Governing Innate-like T Lymphocyte Development

Roxroy C. Morgan et al.

Summary: Innate-like lymphocytes act as the first line of defense against microbial infection, but their functions can also lead to tissue pathology. Harnessing their capabilities for therapeutic interventions requires a deep understanding of their development and regulatory mechanisms.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Innate lymphocytes: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of liver diseases and cancer

Yongyan Chen et al.

Summary: The liver is a lymphoid organ with unique immunological properties, and the balance between immune tolerance and immune activity is crucial for its physiological functions and sensitivity to diseases. Research on hepatic innate lymphocytes, including NK cells, ILC1/2/3s, NKT cells, gamma delta T cells, and MAIT cells, has become a focus, providing insights into their roles in liver homeostasis maintenance and disease progression. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of hepatic innate lymphocytes may lead to more effective treatments for liver diseases and cancer.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Invariant NKT Cells Promote the Development of Highly Cytotoxic Multipotent CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T Cells That Mediate Rapid Hepatocyte Allograft Rejection

Jason M. Zimmerer et al.

Summary: iNKT cells play a crucial role in modulating CD8-mediated immune responses in the presence or absence of CD4(+) T cells. Lack of iNKT cells decreases CD8-mediated allocytotoxicity, which can be restored by adoptive transfer of iNKT cells. including TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Early-life imprinting of unconventional T cells and tissue homeostasis

Michael G. Constantinides et al.

Summary: Unconventional T cells, such as iNKT, MAIT, and γδ T cells, are restricted by MHC-Ib molecules and seeded in tissues during development. Early instructive signals from the microbiota determine the lifelong regulation of tissue immunity by these cells, which compete for niches within tissues and act as a network with overlapping functions.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Virology

T cell responses during HBV and HCV infections: similar but not quite the same?

Naglaa H. Shoukry et al.

Summary: Hepatitis B and C viruses persist by evading T cell immunity, with mechanisms including failure of CD4 + T cell help and loss of CD8 + T cell control. Similarities are found in the ways HBV and HCV induce T cell silencing, but differences exist, especially in the degree of T cell exhaustion.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Activation of iNKT Cells Facilitates Liver Repair After Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Acceleration of Macrophage Polarization

Takuya Goto et al.

Summary: The activation of iNKT cells has been shown to accelerate liver repair by promoting macrophage polarization after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings suggest that iNKT cell activation may serve as a therapeutic strategy for liver repair following liver I/R injury.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

Invariant natural killer T-cell subsets have diverse graft-versus-host-disease-preventing and antitumor effects

Kristina Maas-Bauer et al.

Summary: Different sublineages of iNKT cells exhibit distinct functions, with iNKT1 cells showing the highest antitumor activity against murine B-cell lymphoma cells, while iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells have immune-regulatory properties. These findings have important implications for the development of iNKT cell therapies in cancer immunotherapy and GVHD prevention and treatment.

BLOOD (2021)

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Review Virology

Towards a Systems Immunology Approach to Understanding Correlates of Protective Immunity against HCV

Naglaa H. Shoukry

Summary: In the past decade, significant progress has been made in using systems biology-based approaches to study immunity and vaccine responses, particularly in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on recent advancements in understanding HCV immunity through transcriptomic and epigenetic studies and proposes strategies towards an integrated systems immunology approach for predicting and evaluating the efficacy of future HCV vaccines.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Hematology

Activation of natural killer T cells enhances the function of regulatory T-cell therapy in suppressing murine GVHD

Toshihito Hirai et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that administration of a-GalCer liposome enhanced in vivo expansion of Tregs and improved therapeutic efficacy in a murine GVHD model, even with suboptimal cell numbers. The research also highlighted the importance of host iNKT cells in GVHD suppression, and suggested that the combination of iNKT cell activation and Treg adoptive therapy could enhance Treg therapy effectiveness while reducing the number of Tregs needed.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental