4.8 Review

Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology?

期刊

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 13, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983812

关键词

filaria; eosinophil; lymphatic filariasis; onchocerciasis; granulocyte; ETosis; EPO; TPE

资金

  1. German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Translational Thematic Unit: Novel Antibiotics grant) [09.701]
  2. Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG) [HU2144/3-1, PF673/3-1]
  3. DZIF [09.807, 09.806, 09.822, 09.914]
  4. Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [16GW0227K]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This review summarizes the importance of eosinophil effector functions in controlling filarial infections and their impact on filarial pathology. Eosinophils play a crucial role in the immune response against filariae by modulating the function of other leukocytes and directly attacking the parasites. They are both beneficial in controlling the infection and can contribute to disease pathology in certain conditions.
Filariae are parasitic roundworms, which can cause debilitating diseases such as lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, and onchocerciasis, commonly referred to as river blindness, can lead to stigmatizing pathologies and present a socio-economic burden for affected people and their endemic countries. Filariae typically induce a type 2 immune response, which is characterized by cytokines, i.e., IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 as well as type 2 immune cells including alternatively activated macrophages, innate lymphoid cells and Th2 cells. However, the hallmark characteristic of filarial infections is a profound eosinophilia. Eosinophils are innate immune cells and pivotal in controlling helminth infections in general and filarial infections in particular. By modulating the function of other leukocytes, eosinophils support and drive type 2 immune responses. Moreover, as primary effector cells, eosinophils can directly attack filariae through the release of granules containing toxic cationic proteins with or without extracellular DNA traps. At the same time, eosinophils can be a driving force for filarial pathology as observed during tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in lymphatic filariasis, in dermatitis in onchocerciasis patients as well as adverse events after treatment of onchocerciasis patients with diethylcarbamazine. This review summarizes the latest findings of the importance of eosinophil effector functions including the role of eosinophil-derived proteins in controlling filarial infections and their impact on filarial pathology analyzing both human and experimental animal studies.

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