Flexible electrodes for non-invasive brain-computer interfaces: A perspective

At the present time, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are attracting considerable attention due to their application potential in many fields. In this Perspective, we provide a brief review of flexible electrode technologies for non-invasive BCIs, mainly including two types of the most representative flexible electrodes: dry electrodes and semi-dry electrodes. We also summarize the challenges encountered by the different kinds of electrodes by comparing their strengths and weaknesses in terms of manufacturing scalability, applicability, comfort, contact impedance, long-term stability, and biocompatibility. In addition, we describe some advanced configurations and suggest potential applications for non-invasive BCIs based on flexible electrodes and consider future development prospects. (c) 2022 Author(s).

Automated summary

This Perspective provides a brief review and summary of flexible electrode technologies for non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), focusing on dry electrodes and semi-dry electrodes. The challenges faced by different types of electrodes are discussed, along with their strengths and weaknesses in terms of manufacturing scalability, applicability, comfort, contact impedance, long-term stability, and biocompatibility. Advanced configurations and potential applications for non-invasive BCIs based on flexible electrodes are described, and future development prospects are considered.