Nanocone-Array-Based Platinum-Iridium Oxide Neural Microelectrodes: Structure, Electrochemistry, Durability and Biocompatibility Study

Article Polymer Science

Enhanced electrochemical performance of neural electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS hydrogel

Qi Zeng et al.

Summary: The conductive polymer hydrogel (CPH) made from PEDOT:PSS successfully modified on platinum (Pt) substrate exhibited excellent performance, providing great potential for applications in neural implants and other flexible electronics.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Achieving long-term stability of thin-film electrodes for neurostimulation

Poppy Oldroyd et al.

Summary: Implantable electrodes are increasingly used to treat neurological diseases, but achieving long-term stability remains a challenge. This review focuses on the key issues in the design of flexible thin-film electrodes, summarizes the common failure modes, and highlights the importance of investigating device failure.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2022)

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Article Ophthalmology

A Second-Generation (44-Channel) Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis: Long-Term Observation of the Electrode-Tissue Interface

Samuel A. Titchener et al.

Summary: This study reports the long-term observations of the electrode-tissue interface and perceptual stability in humans after chronic stimulation with a 44-channel suprachoroidal retinal implant. The results showed stable electrode impedances, small individual changes in perceptual electrical thresholds, and no clinically significant increase in electrode-retina distances after a period of settling after surgery.

TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Stimulation and Recording of the Hippocampus Using the Same Pt-Ir Coated Microelectrodes

Sahar Elyahoodayan et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the capability of recording single units and evoked potentials through high-resolution microelectrodes coated with Pt-Ir, showing higher signal-to-noise ratios and lower voltages compared to uncoated electrodes. The improved performance of the coated electrodes led to lower energy consumptions and enabled electrochemically safe stimulation above 5 μA. This work provides a powerful tool for monitoring and manipulating neural circuits at the single neuron level by stimulating and recording single unit activities from the same microelectrode.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stretchable, Fully Polymeric Electrode Arrays for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Estelle A. Cuttaz et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the application of conductive elastomers in nerve cuff devices, comparing their performance with traditional metallic electrodes. Results show that conductive elastomer cuffs have advantages in electrical and mechanical stability compared to metallic cuffs. In a biological environment, the conductive elastomer cuffs demonstrate superior charge transfer and electrochemical safety.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Platinum Nanocrystal Assisted by Low-Content Iridium for High-Performance Flexible Electrode: Applications on Neural Interface, Water Oxidation, and Anti-Microbial Contamination

Qi Zeng et al.

Summary: A novel flower-shaped platinum nanocrystal intermediate layer was developed to enhance the adhesion of iridium oxide coating on microelectrodes, leading to significantly improved performance. The resulting coating not only exhibited excellent properties, but also showed good biosafety and antibacterial properties.

ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Ophthalmology

A Second-Generation (44-Channel) Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis: Interim Clinical Trial Results

Matthew A. Petoe et al.

Summary: The study investigated the safety and efficacy of a second-generation suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis in four subjects with advanced retinitis pigmentosa. The results showed significant improvements in functional vision and quality of life for the subjects after device activation, indicating the potential clinical usefulness of this prosthesis.

TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Emerging Materials and Technologies with Applications in Flexible Neural Implants: A Comprehensive Review of Current Issues with Neural Devices

Younguk Cho et al.

Summary: Neuroscience plays a crucial role in understanding advanced mental activities and developing potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. The field of flexible implants is gaining interest for its ability to address current challenges and pave the way for advancements in neural implants.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Implantable Pulse Generators for Deep Brain Stimulation: Challenges, Complications, and Strategies for Practicality and Longevity

Can Sarica et al.

Summary: This article provides an overview of key hardware and software specifications of commercially available IPG systems, as well as strategies to mitigate hardware complications, including infection concerns and maximizing battery longevity. Additionally, experimental DBS systems using innovative strategies like ultrasound and near-infrared are described as potential future directions for minimally invasive treatment.

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Electrode Materials for Chronic Electrical Microstimulation

Xin Sally Zheng et al.

Summary: Electrical microstimulation has shown partial success in restoring various sensory and motor functions by modulating neural activities. However, chronic microstimulation faces challenges such as electrode material degradation and inflammatory responses, which can compromise stimulation performance over time. Ideal microelectrodes for stable chronic stimulation require high charge injection limits, small size, excellent biocompatibility, and stable electrochemical properties.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Flexible Electrodes for In Vivo and In Vitro Electrophysiological Signal Recording

Mengjia Zhu et al.

Summary: Flexible electrodes have been developed for acquiring various electrophysiological signals, showing advantages in terms of signal characteristics, design methods, and application benefits, while facing challenges and opportunities for future development in medical diagnosis and human-machine interface applications.

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes

Manuele Gori et al.

Summary: Neural-interfaced prostheses restore sensorimotor limb functions in amputees via bidirectional neural interfaces, but intraneural electrodes may cause a Foreign Body Reaction, affecting their long-term stability and functionality.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Rise of Soft Neural Electronics

Chuanrui Chen et al.

Summary: Neuroscience relies on advanced electronic devices to understand neural systems, and soft electronics show promise in addressing the mechanical challenges posed by rigid implants, enhancing research capabilities.

GIANT (2021)

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Article Ophthalmology

Argus II retinal prosthesis for retinitis pigmentosa in the Middle East: The 2015 Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology Gradle Lecture

J. Fernando Arevalo et al.

Summary: Patients with retinitis pigmentosa who received the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System showed improved visual function and safety outcomes during the 4-year follow-up period. The system demonstrated better performance on various tasks compared to when it was turned off, indicating a positive impact on quality of life over time.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RETINA AND VITREOUS (2021)

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Article Ophthalmology