Nanocone-Array-Based Platinum-Iridium Oxide Neural Microelectrodes: Structure, Electrochemistry, Durability and Biocompatibility Study

Neural interfaces provide a window for bio-signal modulation and recording with the assistance of neural microelectrodes. However, shrinking the size of electrodes results in high electrochemical impedance and low capacitance, thus limiting the stimulation/recording efficiency. In order to achieve critical stability and low power consumption, here, nanocone-shaped platinum (Pt) with an extensive surface area is proposed as an adhesive layer on a bare Pt substrate, followed by the deposition of a thin layer of iridium oxide (IrOx) to fabricate high-performance nanocone-array-based Pt-IrO x neural microelectrodes (200 mu m in diameter). A uniform nanocone-shaped Pt with significant roughness is created via controlling the ratio of NH4+ and Pt4+ ions in the electrolyte, which can be widely applicable for batch production on multichannel flexible microelectrode arrays (fMEAs) and various substrates with different dimensions. The Pt-IrOx nanocomposite-coated microelectrode presents a significantly low impedance down to 0.72 +/- 0.04 Omega cm(2) at 1 kHz (reduction of similar to 92.95%). The cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCc) and charge injection capacity (CIC) reaches up to 52.44 +/- 2.53 mC cm(-2) and 4.39 +/- 0.36 mC cm(-2), respectively. Moreover, superior chronic stability and biocompatibility are also observed. The modified microelectrodes significantly enhance the adhesion of microglia, the major immune cells in the central nervous system. Therefore, such a coating strategy presents great potential for biomedical and other practical applications.

Automated summary

In this study, a nanocone-shaped Pt-IrOx neural microelectrode is proposed, with a uniform nanocone-shaped Pt created through controlling the ratio of ions in the electrolyte. The coated microelectrode exhibits low impedance, high charge storage capacity, and excellent stability and biocompatibility.