Clinical Features and Burden of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents

Article Pediatrics

Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children-a nationwide cohort study

Luise Borch et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate symptoms and duration of 'long COVID' in children. It found that most children recovered from symptoms within 1-5 months, suggesting that long COVID in children is rare and mainly of short duration.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus

Joan B. Soriano et al.

Summary: People with COVID-19 might experience long-term symptoms known as long COVID or long-haul COVID. The lack of a standardized definition hinders the understanding and treatment of this condition. In a WHO-led Delphi process, a consensus definition was developed, stating that post-COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms lasting for at least 2 months and impacting everyday functioning. This common framework provides a foundation for future studies and therapy.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective

Sarah Halawa et al.

Summary: This article discusses the potential causes of COVID-19 heterogeneity and summarizes the pathobiology of the disease, with a focus on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the acute stage and the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Self-reported COVID-19 Infection and SARS-CoV-2 Serology Test Results With Persistent Physical Symptoms Among French Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Joane Matta et al.

Summary: The study found that self-reported and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections were associated with persistent physical symptoms, with the latter specifically linked to anosmia. It is suggested that persistent symptoms should not be automatically attributed to SARS-CoV-2, and a complete medical evaluation may be needed to properly identify the causes.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Intriguing new faces of Covid-19: persisting clinical symptoms and cardiac effects in children

Nurdan Erol et al.

Summary: The study found that 37.2% of children experienced persisting clinical symptoms for at least one month post Covid-19 recovery. Statistically significant differences were observed in cardiovascular indicators between the study and control groups.

CARDIOLOGY IN THE YOUNG (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalised children using the ISARIC Global follow-up protocol: a prospective cohort study

Ismail M. Osmanov et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes in children previously hospitalized with COVID-19 and found that a quarter of children experienced persistent symptoms months after hospitalization. Older age and allergic diseases were associated with a higher risk of persistent symptoms at follow-up.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Clinical characteristics, activity levels and mental health problems in children with long coronavirus disease: a survey of 510 children

Danilo Buonsenso et al.

Summary: This study conducted a survey on children with persistent symptoms after initial infection and found that symptoms such as fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, rashes, heart palpitations, lack of concentration, and short-term memory problems were particularly common. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of long coronavirus disease.

FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pediatrics

Severity of Acute COVID-19 in Children <18 Years Old March 2020 to December 2021

Christopher B. Forrest et al.

Summary: Although there is a risk of moderate to severe illness among children infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the risk of severe disease did not change with the emergence of the Delta variant, despite its high transmissibility.

PEDIATRICS (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Cardiac Complications After SARS-CoV-2 Infection and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination — PCORnet, United States, January 2021–January 2022

Jason P. Block et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study

Sabina A. Guler et al.

Summary: The Swiss COVID-19 lung study investigated pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 in 113 survivors. Severe/critical COVID-19 was associated with significant functional and radiological abnormalities 4 months after infection, potentially due to small-airway and lung parenchymal disease. Systematic follow-up for survivors needs to be evaluated to optimize care for patients recovering from COVID-19.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study (Publication with Expression of Concern. See vol. 401, pg. 90, 2023)

Chaolin Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Assessment of 135 794 Pediatric Patients Tested for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Across the United States

L. Charles Bailey et al.

Summary: This cohort study of US pediatric patients found low rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with mild clinical manifestations. Infection was associated with Black, Hispanic, and Asian race/ethnicity, adolescence and young adulthood, as well as non-respiratory chronic medical conditions. The study suggests higher concern may be warranted for patients with complex medical conditions or minority race/ethnicity.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Attributes and predictors of long COVID

Carole H. Sudre et al.

Summary: Reports on long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, known as 'long COVID', are increasing. Analysis of data from over 4,000 COVID-19 cases revealed that long COVID is more common in older individuals, those with higher body mass index, and females. Experiencing more than five symptoms in the first week of illness was associated with long COVID. A simple model showed promise in distinguishing between short and long COVID cases early in the disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features: A 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273,618 survivors of COVID-19

Maxime Taquet et al.

Summary: This study investigated the incidence and co-occurrence of long-COVID features in COVID-19 survivors, with comparisons to influenza patients, using electronic health records data. The findings showed that long-COVID clinical features were more commonly reported after COVID-19 infection, and differences were associated with sex, age, and illness severity.

PLOS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Post-acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals not requiring hospital admission: a Danish population-based cohort study

Lars Christian Lund et al.

Summary: This study examined prescription drug and healthcare utilization among individuals in Denmark who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 but did not require hospital admission. The study found that these individuals had a low risk of severe post-acute complications, but showed increases in visits to general practitioners and outpatient hospital visits, indicating potential COVID-19 sequelae.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2

Erika Molteni et al.

Summary: Most school-aged children in the UK with SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic or experience mild illness, with longer duration and higher symptom burden observed in older children. Persistence of illness is more common in older children, but symptom burden does not increase over time and most recover within 56 days. Children who test negative for SARS-CoV-2 may also experience prolonged illness with higher symptom burden.

LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection A Systematic Review

Destin Groff et al.

Summary: This systematic review found that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced PASC 6 months after recovery, with the most common effects being functional mobility impairments, pulmonary abnormalities, and mental health disorders.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

Ziyad Al-Aly et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively describes the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using national healthcare databases, finding increased risk of death and use of health resources beyond the first 30 days of illness, as well as incident sequelae in various organ systems, increased use of therapeutic agents, and evidence of laboratory abnormalities. The findings show a risk gradient according to the severity of acute COVID-19 infection and highlight the burden of health loss experienced by patients who survive the acute phase.

NATURE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Long-term Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents

Thomas Radtke et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Long COVID in a prospective cohort of home-isolated patients

Bjorn Blomberg et al.

Summary: An analysis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bergen, Norway, revealed that a high proportion of patients experienced long-term COVID symptoms at 6 months, even though they were relatively young and had only mild to moderate acute COVID-19 symptoms. This highlights the significance of infection control measures, such as vaccination.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Long COVID in Children Observations From a Designated Pediatric Clinic

Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung et al.

Summary: This study on pediatric long COVID found that around 60% of children experienced symptoms associated with functional impairment 1-7 months after infection. A structured evaluation revealed mild abnormal findings in approximately half of the patients, mainly in the respiratory aspect.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in a non-hospitalized cohort: Results from the Arizona CoVHORT

Melanie L. Bell et al.

Summary: Clinical presentation, outcomes, and duration of COVID-19 vary greatly among individuals. Most PASC research has focused on hospitalized patients. A population-based study in Arizona found that 68.7% of non-hospitalized individuals experienced PASC symptoms 30 days post-infection, with fatigue, shortness-of-breath, brain fog, and stress/anxiety being the most common symptoms.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sandra Lopez-Leon et al.

Summary: This study aimed to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19, estimating that 80% of infected patients will develop one or more long-term symptoms, with the most common being fatigue, headache, attention disorder, hair loss, and dyspnea.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Editorial Material Pediatrics

Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children

Daniel Munblit et al.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Long-Term Symptoms Among Adults Tested for SARS-CoV-2 — United States, January 2020–April 2021

Valentine Wanga et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Association Between COVID-19 and Myocarditis Using Hospital-Based Administrative Data — United States, March 2020–January 2021

Tegan K. Boehmer et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Letter Pediatrics

Post-acute COVID-19 outcomes in children with mild and asymptomatic disease

Daniela Say et al.

LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of Prolonged Physiological and Behavioral Changes Associated With COVID-19 Infection

Jennifer M. Radin et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Characterising long COVID: a living systematic review

Melina Michelen et al.

Summary: Long COVID is a complex condition with prolonged and heterogeneous symptoms, including weakness, general malaise, fatigue, concentration impairment, and breathlessness. Approximately 37% of patients reported reduced quality of life, and 26% of studies presented evidence of reduced pulmonary function. There is an urgent need for further studies to explore the etiology, risk factors, and biomarkers of long COVID in different populations and settings.

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal