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Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Joe Davighi et al.
Summary: This study derives new effective field theory positivity bounds on the elastic 2 -> 2 scattering amplitudes of massive spinning particles based on the standard UV properties of unitarity, causality, locality, and Lorentz invariance. By bounding the t derivatives of the amplitude, stronger unitarity bounds on the s- and u-channel branch cuts are obtained. These bounds provide stronger constraints beyond the forward limit and can be used to constrain dimension-6 interactions with a milder assumption about the high-energy growth of the UV amplitude.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Claudia de Rham et al.
Summary: In this article, we investigate the effective field theory of gravity around black holes and find that the coefficients of the dimension-8 operators are tightly constrained by causality considerations. These constraints are more stringent than previously derived causality and positivity bounds, suggesting that the effects of a single dimension-8 operator cannot be observed while maintaining causality. We also identify the regime where the generic dimension-8 and lower order operators can potentially be observable while preserving causality.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Nima Arkani-Hamed et al.
Summary: This study explores the shift in charge-to-mass ratio for extremal black holes in the context of effective field theory, constrained by unitarity and causality. The results demonstrate that the change in Q/M ratio is directly proportional to the on-shell action shift, ensuring compliance with the Weak Gravity Conjecture.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jiayin Gu et al.
Summary: The diphoton channel at lepton colliders provides a clear and robust test of fundamental principles of quantum field theory through the positivity bounds. The capability of various future lepton colliders in probing the dimension-eight operators and testing the positivity bounds in this channel is also estimated. The positivity bounds can lift certain flat directions among the effective operators and significantly change the perspectives of a global analysis.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mikael Chala et al.
Summary: This study focuses on four-Higgs interactions and analyzes the robustness of tree-level-derived positivity bounds on standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) operators under quantum corrections. The results suggest that departures from positivity within SMEFT do not necessarily imply the breaking of unitarity or causality, nor the presence of new light degrees of freedom. However, they do impose strong constraints on the form of certain anomalous dimensions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tanguy Grall et al.
Summary: We derive new positivity bounds for low-energy effective field theories that are not invariant under Lorentz boosts. These bounds are applied to superfluid and scalar fluctuations during inflation, providing insights into the high-energy physics underlying low-energy measurements.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aleksandr Azatov et al.
Summary: A major task in phenomenology today is to connect the low-energy Wilson coefficients to cross sections in the UV by studying sum rules for 4-fermion operators of dimension 6. Unlike their dimension-8 counterparts, the discussion here is more complex due to weaker convergence and indefinite signs of the dispersion integrals. Examples with weakly coupled UV completions are provided to illustrate the opposite signs of the Wilson coefficients for both convergent and non-convergent dispersion integrals. By decomposing the dispersion integrals under weak isospin and color groups, a tighter relation between IR measurements and UV models is established. These sum rules can be an effective tool for constructing consistent UV completions for Standard Model effective field theory.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Grant N. Remmen et al.
Summary: In this study, we place theoretical constraints on the leading deviations to four-fermion standard model interactions and develop new dispersion relations that yield either spin-dependent sum rules on dimension-six fermionic operators or information about the amplitude's behavior at large momentum. These relations serve as a bridge between new physics searches, providing definitive information about the UV and enabling a diagnosis of properties of emerging new physics.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Benjamin Fuks et al.
Summary: Studying dimension-8 operators is crucial for changing our understanding of quantum field theory, and probing positivity violations can be done at future lepton colliders. The positive nature of dimension-8 parameter space allows us to infer the existence of UV-scale particles or exclude them up to a certain scale in a model-independent way.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Kimiko Yamashita et al.
Summary: This study explores the positivity bounds on Wilson coefficients in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory using two different approaches. It compares the traditional elastic positivity approach with the newly proposed extremal positivity approach in terms of constraining power, efficiency, and applicability. By focusing on electroweak gauge-bosons as an example, the study demonstrates how to obtain the best analytical and numerical positivity bounds.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Grant N. Remmen
Summary: The physical properties of scattering amplitudes are linked to the Riemann zeta function, with real masses corresponding to the Riemann hypothesis, locality of the amplitude relating to the meromorphicity of the zeta function, and universal coupling between massive and massless states reflecting the simplicity of zeros of the zeta function. Additionally, unitarity bounds from dispersion relations for the forward amplitude translate to the positivity of odd moments of the sequence of 1/mu(2)(n).
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Nima Arkani-Hamed et al.
Summary: This paper introduces a formalism for describing four-dimensional scattering amplitudes for particles of any mass and spin, extending the familiar spinor-helicity formalism for massless particles. By systematically characterising possible three-particle amplitudes compatible with Poincare symmetry and using unitarity to construct four-particle tree amplitudes, a basis is established for expanding all possible four-particle amplitudes. The analysis of four-particle scattering leads to various general results in quantum field theory, such as the set of consistent theories for massless particles and the understanding of why massive particles of high spin cannot be elementary.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Marco Gorghetto et al.
Summary: This paper studies CP violation in photon self-interactions at low energy, proposes a method to isolate the CP-violating contribution to these interactions through experiments, and discusses the implications of bounds on the scale of new physics for CP-violating couplings of new light particles coupled to photons.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Quentin Bonnefoy et al.
Summary: Analyzing positivity bounds on Wilson coefficients of dimension-8 operators in the context of models with a Minimal Flavor Violation structure, it was found that the unspecified coefficients provide enough freedom to not constrain parameters of the renormalizable Yukawa sector, but may give rise to bounds on Yukawa couplings. No bounds on CKM entries were retrieved at leading order in an expansion in powers of the Yukawa matrices.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Zi-Yue Wang et al.
Summary: By utilizing generalized elastic positivity bounds, we constrained the parameter space of multi-field spin-2 effective field theories, excluding certain operators in the pseudo-linear theory and providing new bounds on Wilson coefficients in the cycle and line theories.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Jiayin Gu et al.
Summary: By classifying massless helicity amplitudes, we are able to systematically derive sum rules for dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory which offer insights into the relationships between operator coefficients and the properties of the full theory. These sum rules extend beyond tree level and can be practically utilized to compute one-loop contributions to low energy observables, while also providing a unique perspective on custodial symmetries in the SM Higgs and fermion sectors.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Claudia de Rham et al.
Summary: Positivity bounds have been used to constrain scalar-tensor theories of dark energy, but coupling to matter fields has played a limited role. Demanding positivity when including interactions with standard matter fields leads to further constraints on the dark energy parameter space. Implementing these bounds as theoretical priors affects cosmological parameter constraints and shows that gravitational waves must travel superluminally on cosmological backgrounds in a standard UV completion.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zvi Bern et al.
Summary: This study analyzes constraints on the leading contributions of higher-dimension operators to the four-graviton amplitude in four spacetime dimensions from perturbative unitarity and crossing. It focuses on the impact of the exchange by massive degrees of freedom on making the amplitudes infrared finite. The results suggest that the Wilson coefficients of weakly-coupled gravitational physical theories are more constrained than previously thought.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Guerrieri et al.
Summary: The study employs S-matrix bootstrap to investigate graviton scattering amplitudes in ten dimensions, leading to the exclusion of a negative region, approval of a garden region, and the exclusion of an intermediate swamp region. Interestingly, string theory appears to cover almost all the garden region at weak coupling and the swamp boundary at strong coupling.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xu Li et al.
Summary: In this paper, we discuss a general method for obtaining full positivity bounds on multifield effective field theories, showing that the traditional approach only gives incomplete bounds for theories with three or more low-energy modes. We introduce a new method to determine optimal positivity bounds either analytically or numerically, and demonstrate its effectiveness with various examples in particle physics and cosmology. This SDP approach leads to improved or entirely new results, and is numerically more efficient compared to previous methods.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Simon Caron-Huot et al.
Summary: This article revisits the problem of bounding higher derivative couplings in consistent weakly coupled gravitational theories, using dispersive sum rules to limit the order one coefficients and overcoming the difficulties caused by the graviton pole. The approach justifies the expectation that higher derivative couplings are expected to be of order one in the units of the UV cutoff.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Timothy Trott
Summary: Sum rules in effective field theories place restrictions on scattering amplitudes mediated by effective contact interactions, with the size of higher dimensional corrections bounded by their contributions to elastic forward scattering processes. Supersymmetry unifies the positivity theorems and new bounds for effective interactions.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mikael Chala et al.
Summary: In this study, the authors calculate the one-loop renormalisation group running of bosonic Standard Model effective operators, focusing on effects triggered by leading dimension-six interactions. Interesting consequences such as the interplay between positivity bounds and anomalous dimensions are highlighted, and a complete Green basis of dimension-eight operators involving only the Higgs and derivatives is provided as a byproduct of the work, comprising 13 redundant interactions.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Simon Caron-Huot et al.
Summary: Effective field theories parameterize the long-distance effects of short-distance dynamics. EFT coefficients must satisfy positivity constraints for causality and unitarity. All EFT parameters are bounded both below and above, with causality leading to dimensional analysis scaling.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Brando Bellazzini et al.
Summary: We have identified the complete set of conditions satisfied by the forward 2 -> 2 scattering amplitude in unitary and causal theories, which can be applied to effective field theories (EFTs). We have found optimal subsets of constraints suitable for bounding EFTs at any finite order in the energy expansion, and discussed conditions for the approximation to apply and the validity range in energy and couplings.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hao-Lin Li et al.
Summary: Utilizing group theoretic techniques, we have systematically and automatically provided a complete list of the dimension-eight operator basis in the standard model effective field theory, adopting a new form of operators based on the irreducible representations of the Lorentz group and identifying Lorentz structures as states in an SU(N) group. By ensuring the independence and permutation symmetries of the operators, our approach facilitates the handling of complexity arising from repeated fields. The explicit form of independent flavor-specified operators has been presented for the first time, and our algorithm can be easily applied to higher-dimensional standard model effective field theory and other effective field theories, making these studies more accessible.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lasma Alberte et al.
Summary: Positivity bounds applied to U(1) gauge theory reveal violations that can be rectified by introducing new physics at a low scale Lambda(new), contrasting previous studies that focused on different applications. The introduction of a small amount of negativity is conjectured to be allowed and not conflict with standard UV completions.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Andrew J. Tolley et al.
Summary: Positivity bounds derived from partial wave expansion and full crossing symmetry can constrain effective field theories by putting upper and lower bounds on Wilson coefficients. These bounds are more constraining than linear positivity for scalars and can be used to exclude theories with soft amplitude behavior.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Scott Melville et al.
Summary: Research indicates that primordial perturbations in the universe have a quantum origin and can be described by the wavefunction, with unitarity leading to a systematic set of cosmological cutting rules that constrain wavefunction coefficients for different fields and loop orders. These rules have remarkable generality and can be applied to arbitrary interactions of fields with any mass and spin, around a general class of FLRW spacetimes with a Bunch-Davies vacuum. This discovery extends the potential of utilizing unitarity to bootstrap cosmological observables and restrict consistent effective field theories on curved spacetimes.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Nima Arkani-Hamed et al.
Summary: The study reexamines the constraints imposed by causality and unitarity on the low-energy effective field theory expansion of four-particle scattering amplitudes, revealing a hidden totally positive structure similar to the positive geometries associated with grassmannians and amplituhedra, termed the EFT-hedron. By investigating the boundary structure of the EFT-hedron systematically, it provides linear and non-linear inequalities that must be satisfied by the EFT expansion in any theory. The EFT-hedron geometry and constraints are illustrated with various examples, including new consistency conditions on the scattering amplitudes of photons and gravitons in the real world.
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(2021)
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Lasma Alberte et al.
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(2020)
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(2020)
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Yu-Jia Wang et al.
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(2020)
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Tanguy Grall et al.
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(2020)
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Grant N. Remmen et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
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Lasma Alberte et al.
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Christopher W. Murphy
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Cen Zhang et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
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Stefano Andriolo et al.
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