Hospital-treated infections in early- and mid-life and risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A nationwide nested case-control study in Sweden

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Do Case-Control Studies Always Estimate Odds Ratios?

Jeremy A. Labrecque et al.

Summary: The study highlights the importance of interpreting estimates from different case-control study designs correctly, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of study design and parameters when reporting research findings.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Parkinson's Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Conor Fearon et al.

Summary: Studies on the relationship between PD, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 have shown conflicting results. The impact of COVID-19 on PD patients, including risk factors, symptom worsening, and clinical outcomes, requires further investigation. Some PD patients may present with atypical worsening of parkinsonian symptoms due to COVID-19, and mortality data for PD patients with COVID-19 remains inconclusive. Coordination and rigorous research efforts are needed to address these uncertainties in larger PD cohorts.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Infection and Risk of Parkinson's Disease

Richard J. Smeyne et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with bacterial or viral infections potentially playing a role as risk factors. Epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between PD and hepatitis C virus, as well as a possible connection to Helicobacter pylori infection. Further research is needed to understand the role of infectious agents in PD development.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Adaptation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index for Register-Based Research in Sweden

Jonas F. Ludvigsson et al.

Summary: This study adapted the Charlson comorbidity index for use in Swedish medical register-based research, creating a cohesive coding system to enhance efficiency in distinguishing different disease severities. This work may provide an integrated and efficient coding algorithm for reliable data collection in Sweden.

CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Viral Involvement in Alzheimer's Disease

Ahmad Sait et al.

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Despite the increasing prevalence, the causative agent for AD remains unknown. Evidence of pathogens in the brains of AD patients and controls exists, suggesting further investigation is needed to understand the relationship.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Hospital-diagnosed infections before age 20 and risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis

Yin Xu et al.

Summary: The study investigates the association between hospital-diagnosed infections before age 20 and the risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Results indicate that infections during adolescence, particularly CNS infections, increase the risk of multiple sclerosis diagnosis. This increased risk cannot be solely explained by infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, or CNS infections.

BRAIN (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Long-term Risk of Parkinson Disease Following Influenza and Other Infections

Noelle M. Cocoros et al.

Summary: This study found that influenza was associated with Parkinson disease diagnoses more than 10 years after infection, while other infections had weaker associations with Parkinson disease more than 10 years after infection. These results suggest a link between influenza and Parkinson disease, but do not prove causality. The shorter-term associations of other infections with Parkinson disease may not be causal.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Infectious Disease Burden and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Study

Antonios Douros et al.

Summary: The study found that infectious disease burden was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the risk gradually increasing with longer time since first infection. However, the risk did not increase with cumulative number of infections.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Helicobacter pylori eradication improves motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease patients: A prospective cohort study (HP-PD trial)

Praween Lolekha et al.

Summary: In this study, 163 PD patients were assessed, with 40 eventually enrolled. 55% of the enrolled patients had a current HP infection, and eradication therapy successfully eliminated HP in 77.3% of those who received it. HP eradication led to a significant decrease in daily 'off' time and an increase in daily 'on' time, as well as improvements in wearing-off symptoms and GI symptom scores.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Gut microbiome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review of current evidence

Jiangwei Sun et al.

Summary: ALS is a rare and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Contributions from outside the central nervous system to the etiology of ALS, including the gut microbiome, are increasingly recognized. Results from animal studies on altered gut microbiome composition in ALS are relatively consistent, while findings from human studies are largely inconclusive.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of dementia: a large, multicohort, observational study with a replication cohort

Pyry N. Sipila et al.

Summary: Infections requiring hospital treatment have been found to increase the long-term risk of dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, with no specificity in infection type. The association is driven by general inflammation rather than specific microbes, and there is evidence of dose-response relationships between infectious disease burden and dementia risk.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Association of Helicobacter pylori treatment with Parkinsonism and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Fusheng Bai et al.

Summary: The study showed that H. pylori treatment may improve stride length in the bradykinesia index and significantly improve UPDRS-III scores in patients with Parkinson's disease.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Microbial Infections Are a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sarah K. Lotz et al.

Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of nervous system function, with neuroinflammation playing a role in their development. Microbial infections can trigger inflammatory responses in the central nervous system, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbial infections increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic approaches.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Global Prevalence of Young-Onset Dementia A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Stevie Hendriks et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found an age-standardized prevalence of YOD of 119.0 per 100,000 population, although estimates of the prevalence in low-income countries and younger age ranges remain scarce. These results should help policy makers organize sufficient health care for this subgroup of individuals with dementia.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19

Adam Hampshire et al.

Summary: This study investigates cognitive deficits in individuals who have recovered from COVID-19, showing that even asymptomatic individuals exhibit significant cognitive impairments. This suggests a multi-domain impact of COVID-19 on human cognition.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Assessment of common infections and incident dementia using UK primary and secondary care data: a historical cohort study

Rutendo Muzambi et al.

Summary: Common infections, particularly those resulting in hospitalization, were associated with an increased long-term risk of dementia. Individuals with any infection had a higher risk of dementia, with the highest risks observed for sepsis and pneumonia.

LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Parkinson disease

R. Balestrino et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

John F. Cryan et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

The multiplex model of the genetics of Alzheimer's disease

Rebecca Sims et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Bacterial, viral, and fungal infection-related risk of Parkinson's disease: Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies

Hui Wang et al.

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Editorial Material Clinical Neurology

Do infections have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease?

Ruth F. Itzhaki et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Review Microbiology

The Microbiome as a Modifier of Neurodegenerative Disease Risk

P. Fang et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Appendectomy, Tonsillectomy and Parkinson's Disease Risk: A Swedish Register-Based Study

Bojing Liu et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Can Infections Cause Alzheimer Disease?

Anthony L. Komaroff

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Review Immunology

The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology

Andrina Rutsch et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The longitudinal integrated database for health insurance and labour market studies (LISA) and its use in medical research

Jonas F. Ludvigsson et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Antibiotics use and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sweden

J. Sun et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Association of Antiviral Therapy With Risk of Parkinson Disease in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Wey-Yil Lin et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease

Yujun Hou et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Emma Nichols et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

ALS Genetics, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics: Where Are We Now?

Rita Mejzini et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human herpesvirus infections and dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Charlotte Warren-Gash et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Review Immunology

The immunogenetics of neurological disease

Maneesh K. Misra et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reviewing the evidence for viruses as environmental risk factors for ALS: A new perspective

Daniel B. Celeste et al.

CYTOKINE (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Detection of Dementia Cases in Two Swedish Health Registers: A Validation Study

Debora Rizzuto et al.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2018)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Novel genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: diagnostic and clinical implications

Ruth Chia et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinsons Disease and Their Impact on Quality of Life in a Cohort of Moroccan Patients

Houyam Tibar et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2018)

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Review Clinical Neurology

H-pylori and Parkinson's disease: Meta-analyses including clinical severity

Efthimios Dardiotis et al.

CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY (2018)

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Global, regional, and national burden of motor neuron diseases 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Giancarlo Logroscino et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2018)

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Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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Article Clinical Neurology

The Swedish motor neuron disease quality registry

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AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION (2018)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Meta-analysis: Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with Parkinson's diseases

Xiaoli Shen et al.

HELICOBACTER (2017)

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Vagotomy and Parkinson disease A Swedish register-based matched-cohort study

Bojing Liu et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Blood Biomarkers of Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Apolipoprotein Metabolisms and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A More Than 20-Year Follow-up of the Swedish AMORIS Cohort

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ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cognitive impairment 3 years after neurological Varicella-zoster virus infection: a long-term case control study

Anna Grahn et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2013)

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Accuracy and Sensitivity of Parkinsonian Disorder Diagnoses in Two Swedish National Health Registers

Adina L. Feldman et al.

NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY (2012)

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External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register

Jonas F. Ludvigsson et al.

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (2011)

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Early-onset dementia: Frequency and causes compared to late-onset dementia

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DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS (2006)

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An incidence density sampling program for nested case-control analyses

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OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (2004)

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Hospital-treated infections in early- and mid-life and risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A nationwide nested case-control study in Sweden

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