☆ 4.3 Review

Current Perspectives of Cross-Country Mountain Biking: Physiological and Mechanical Aspects, Evolution of Bikes, Accidents and Injuries

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Predicting Changes in Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Response to Polarized Training (Sprint Interval Training, High-Intensity Interval Training, and Endurance Training) in Mountain Bike Cyclists

Rafal Hebisz et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of change in maximal oxygen uptake (ΔV?o(2)max) in response to a polarized training program. The results showed significant correlations between ΔV?o(2)max and training status and baseline measures of VEmax·LBM-1, RMSSD, and V?o(2)max·LBM-1. A regression equation was developed to predict the change in V?o(2)max based on these measurable variables.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

Correlation between economy/efficiency and mountain biking cross-country race performance

Allan Inoue et al.

Summary: This study found a significant correlation between gross efficiency and race performance in XCO-MTB, but a lower correlation between cycling economy and race time. Peak oxygen uptake was not significantly correlated with either cycling economy or gross efficiency. Gross efficiency appears to be an important component of XCO-MTB race performance, while peak oxygen uptake was not related to it. The evaluation of gross efficiency may be a useful addition to physiological tests for mountain bikers.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Sport Sciences

What Does It Take to Complete the Cape Epic?

Karmen Reinpold et al.

Summary: This study aims to describe the racing and training demands of the Cape Epic. The results show that participants need to sustain high submaximal power outputs for several hours and repeat high-intensity efforts throughout the race. A well-balanced training program with a pyramidal intensity distribution can serve as an optimal starting point for training approaches.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Physiology

Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Distribution During Cross-Country Mountain Bike Racing

Bernhard Prinz et al.

Summary: The study found that mountain bike cross-country racing requires high demands on both aerobic and anaerobic systems. The ability to sustain high-intensity aerobic exercise and perform multiple efforts above MAP are essential for competitive success in this sport.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2021)

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Review Sport Sciences

Incidence of Injuries, Illness and Related Risk Factors in Cross-Country Marathon Mountain Biking Events: A Systematic Search and Review

Kim Buchholtz et al.

Summary: Cross-country mountain biking events present challenges with remote venues and isolated courses, often providing on-site medical care for injuries and illnesses. Studies have shown that 4 to 71% of participants sustain injuries during these events, with skin injuries being the most common, followed by bony injuries and concussion. Gastrointestinal symptoms post-event were reported by 5 to 47% of cyclists, and the prevalence of illness during events ranged from 0.5% to 23.0%.

SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

The effect of 26 versus 29-inch wheel diameter in the transmission of vibrations in cross-country mountain biking

Enrique Moreno Manas et al.

Summary: The study found that mountain bikes with 29-inch wheels increase speed and performance, but also increase exposure to vibrations, negatively affecting the health of cyclists.

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

The Effect of Cycling-specific Vibration on Neuromuscular Performance

Josef Viellehner et al.

Summary: This study aimed to understand how surface-induced vibrations in cycling affect short-term neuromuscular performance. The results showed that vibrations increased local accelerations, muscle activation, oxygen consumption, and heart rate. However, the impact of vibrations on the main propulsive muscles in the thigh was limited.

MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

Pacing during a cross-country mountain bike mass-participation event according to race performance, experience, age and sex

Samantha Louise Moss et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Test-retest reliability and validity of the Stages mountain bike power meter

Vitor P. Costa et al.

ISOKINETICS AND EXERCISE SCIENCE (2019)

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Physiological determinants of elite mountain bike cross-country Olympic performance

Jacob Bejder et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Sport Sciences

The Effect of Cadence on the Mechanics and Energetics of Constant Power Cycling

Scott F. Brennan et al.

MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE (2019)

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Article Sport Sciences

A multidimensional approach to performance prediction in Olympic distance cross-country mountain bikers

Andrew R. Novak et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Physiology

Power Output and Pacing During International Cross-Country Mountain Bike Cycling

Cyril Granier et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2018)

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Article Physiology

Pacing Strategy During Simulated Mountain Bike Racing

Bruno Ferreira Viana et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2018)

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Article Physiology

The Impact of Different Competitive Environments on Pacing and Performance

Marco J. Konings et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2018)

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Article Sport Sciences

Influence of wheel size on muscle activity and tri-axial accelerations during cross-country mountain biking

Howard Thomas Hurst et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2017)

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Article Sport Sciences

The effect of mountain bike wheel size on cross-country performance

Howard Thomas Hurst et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2017)

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Article Sport Sciences

The impact of uphill cycling and bicycle suspension on downhill performance during cross-country mountain biking

Paul W. Macdermid et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2017)

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Review Sport Sciences

Mountain Biking Injuries

Majid Ansari et al.

CURRENT SPORTS MEDICINE REPORTS (2017)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Peak oxygen uptake in a sprint interval testing protocol vs. maximal oxygen uptake in an incremental testing protocol and their relationship with cross-country mountain biking performance

Rafal Hebisz et al.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2017)

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Article Sport Sciences

Performance differences when using 26-and 29-inch-wheel bikes in Swiss National Team cross-country mountain bikers

Thomas Steiner et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effects of Sprint versus High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training on Cross-Country Mountain Biking Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Allan Inoue et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Review Sport Sciences

Role of Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Self-Paced Exercise: What are We Actually Measuring?

Chris R. Abbiss et al.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Biophysics

Transference of 3D accelerations during cross country mountain biking

Paul W. Macdermid et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS (2014)

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Review Sport Sciences

Application of Decision-Making Theory to the Regulation of Muscular Work Rate during Self-Paced Competitive Endurance Activity

Andrew Renfree et al.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2014)

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Letter Sport Sciences

The Psychobiological Model of Endurance Performance: An Effort-Based Decision-Making Theory to Explain Self-Paced Endurance Performance

Benjamin Pageaux

SPORTS MEDICINE (2014)

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Overuse Injuries Associated with Mountain Biking: Is Single-Speed Riding a Predisposing Factor?

Michael T. Lebec et al.

SPORTS (2014)

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ANAEROBIC CAPACITY OF AMATEUR MOUNTAIN BIKERS DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE COMPETITION SEASON

R. Zarzeczny et al.

BIOLOGY OF SPORT (2013)

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The Influence of Start Position on Even-Pacing Strategy in Mountain Bike Racing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2013)

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Guidelines to Classify Subject Groups in Sport-Science Research

Kevin De Pauw et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2013)

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The distribution of pace adopted by cyclists during a cross-country mountain bike World Championships

Chris R. Abbiss et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2013)

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THE EFFECT OF CADENCE ON CYCLING EFFICIENCY AND LOCAL TISSUE OXYGENATION

Robert D. Jacobs et al.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2013)

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A longitudinal analysis of start position and the outcome of World Cup cross-country mountain bike racing

Paul W. Macdermid et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2012)

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Mechanical work and physiological responses to simulated cross country mountain bike racing

Paul William Macdermid et al.

JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES (2012)

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Article Sport Sciences

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANAEROBIC CYCLING TESTS AND MOUNTAIN BIKE CROSS-COUNTRY PERFORMANCE

Allan Inoue et al.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2012)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Carbon Fibers: Precursors, Manufacturing, and Properties

Erik Frank et al.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2012)

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Article Physiology

Comparison of Physiological Responses and Performance Between Mountain Bicycles With Differing Suspension Systems

Jeffrey E. Herrick et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE (2011)

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Review Orthopedics

Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Injuries in Mountain Bikers A 13-Year Review

Emily R. Dodwell et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2010)

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Review Sport Sciences

Determinants of optimal cadence during cycling

Les Ansley et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE (2009)

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Article Physiology

Exercise intensity during an 8-day mountain bike marathon race

Katharina C. Wirnitzer et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

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Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition

Chris R. Abbiss et al.

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Article Psychology, Mathematical

G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences

Franz Faul et al.

BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS (2007)

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Relative vs. absolute physiological measures as predictors of mountain bike cross-country race performance

John Gregory et al.

JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH (2007)

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The physiology of mountain biking

Franco M. Impellizzeri et al.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2007)

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Field and laboratory correlates of performance in competitive cross-country mountain bikers

Louise Prins et al.

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Effect of suspension systems on the physiological and psychological responses to sub-maximal biking on simulated smooth and bumpy tracks

J Titlestad et al.

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Correlations between physiological variables and performance in high level cross country off road cyclists

FM Impellizzeri et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2005)

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Physiological correlates to off-road cycling performance

FM Impellizzeri et al.

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Effects of preexercise carbohydrate ingestion on mountain bike performance

T Cramp et al.

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Bicycle shock absorption systems and energy expended by the cyclist

H Nielens et al.

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Workload demands in mountain bike racing

B Stapelfeldt et al.

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Physiological characteristics of successful mountain bikers and professional road cyclists

H Lee et al.

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Exercise intensity during off-road cycling competitions

F Impellizzeri et al.

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Vibration-induced muscle fatigue, a possible contribution to musculoskeletal injury

DE Adamo et al.

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Mountain biking injuries - An update

RL Kronisch et al.

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Energy cost of riding bicycles with shock absorption systems on a flat surface

H Nielens et al.

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Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of off-road cyclists

R Baron

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Effects of front and dual suspension mountain bike systems on uphill cycling performance

HSH MacRae et al.

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