期刊
GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
卷 13, 期 1, 页码 2597-2617出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2022.2126800
关键词
Glacial Alpine Lakes; Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa; heavy metals; hydrochemical analysis; glacial fed rivers
资金
- Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University [22UQU4350057DSR007]
The study focuses on quantifying heavy metals, investigating physicochemical characteristics, apportioning contamination sources, assessing human health risks, and studying the connectivity between alpine glacial lakes and rivers. The findings show that lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, iron, and manganese are the most common heavy metal contaminants in both lakes and river water. Other tested physicochemical characteristics are within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization.
The study mainly focuses on heavy metals' quantification, investigation of physicochemical characteristics, source apportionments, human health risk assessment, and connectivity between the water of alpine glacial lakes and rivers. In this regard, twenty-six water samples are taken from sixteen lakes and two lakes-fed rivers. The physiochemical parameters, particularly heavy metals are quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Pearson correlations are used to find out the relationship between various heavy metals and physicochemical parameters. The multivariate methods, Principal component analysis (PCA), and Hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) are conducted for contamination source apportionment. In the findings of the current analysis, the mean concentration of Lead (Pb 0.51), Cadmium (Cd 0.04), Nickel (Ni 0.06), Chromium (Cr 0.08), Iron (Fe 0.06), and Manganese (Mn 0.09) is the most common heavy metal contaminants found in both lakes and river water. Copper (Cu 0.00) and Arsenic (As 0.001) concentrations are lower in both lakes and rivers. Other tested physicochemical characteristics, such as pH, Hardness, Chemical oxygen demands (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), and bicarbonates (HCO3) are within the maximum permissible limits of World Health Organization's (WHO).
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