Risk of dementia or cognitive impairment in COPD patients: A meta-analysis of cohort studies

Purpose: A meta-analysis of cohort studies was performed to evaluate the association between COPD and the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. Methods: Cohort studies that evaluated the association between COPD and the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment were identified by a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The search time frame was from database establishment to April 12, 2022, with two reviewers independently screening the literature and extracting data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to conduct the quality evaluation. Then, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software. Results: Six cohort studies including 428,030 participants were included. The overall quality of the included studies was high, with an average NOS score of over 7. Meta-analysis showed that compared to those without COPD at baseline, patients with COPD were associated with a significant increased risk of dementia (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.03 similar to 1.50, I-2 = 96.6%, z = 2.25, p = 0.024) and cognitive impairment (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.13 similar to 1.49, I-2 = 50.1%, z = 3.72, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis suggested no significant difference in the risk of dementia among COPD patients of different genders. Nevertheless, in terms of age, the risk of dementia varied among COPD patients of different ages, which was most distinguished in patients younger than 65 years. Conclusion: COPD patients have a higher risk of developing dementia or cognitive impairment compared to those without COPD, and this risk is not affected by gender but seems to be associated with age.

Automated summary

This meta-analysis study found a significant association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an increased risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. The risk of dementia was most pronounced in COPD patients under the age of 65, while gender did not have a significant impact on the risk of dementia.