期刊
FORESTS
卷 13, 期 10, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/f13101638
关键词
mangrove; modeling; agent-based; process-based; restoration; rehabilitation; hydrodynamic; ecosystem services; carbon markets
类别
资金
- US Department of the Interior South-Central Climate Adaptation Science Center (SC-CASC) [G12AC00002]
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Ecosystems Mission Area
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Coupled Nature and Human Systems Program [1518471]
- Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacion-SENACYT/Panama (Programa de Movilidad Academica) [MOV-47-2021]
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1518471] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Modeling tools for mangrove wetlands, important sources of ecosystem services, have been lacking. Spatial and statistical models are most commonly used, while mechanistic models are least used. More model development and application are needed to advance mangrove management and restoration projects.
Ecosystem modeling is a critical process for understanding complex systems at spatiotemporal scales needed to conserve, manage, and restore ecosystem services (ESs). Although mangrove wetlands are sources of ESs worth billions of dollars, there is a lack of modeling tools. This is reflected in our lack of understanding of mangroves' functional and structural attributes. Here, we discuss the state of the art of mangrove models used in the planning and monitoring of R/R projects during the last 30 years. The main objectives were to characterize the most frequent modeling approach, their spatiotemporal resolution, and their current utility/application in management decisions. We identified 281 studies in six broad model categories: conceptual, agent-based (ABM), process-based (PBM), spatial, statistical, and socioeconomic/management (ScoEco). The most widely used models are spatial and statistical, followed by PBM, ScoEco, and conceptual categories, while the ABMs were the least frequently used. Yet, the application of mangrove models in R/R projects since the early 1990s has been extremely limited, especially in the mechanistic model category. We discuss several approaches to help advance model development and applications, including the targeted allocation of potential revenue from global carbon markets to R/R projects using a multi-model and integrated approach.
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