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Article
Virology
Nick Preston et al.
Summary: This study assessed the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) in patients with post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (PCS). The results showed that the C19-YRS had high internal consistency, met standard psychometric criteria, and demonstrated potential predictive abilities as a measure of PCS.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Manoj Sivan et al.
Summary: This study examined the clinical severity phenotypes of post-COVID Syndrome patients and identified three distinct severity phenotypes (mild, moderate, severe) which could help stratify patients for targeted interventions and planning of care pathways. Symptoms were strongly positively correlated with functional difficulty scores and moderately negatively correlated with overall health, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Qing Han et al.
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 survivors may experience persistent symptoms for at least 12 months, including fatigue, dyspnea, arthromyalgia, depression, anxiety, memory loss, concentration difficulties, and insomnia. Female patients and those with more severe initial illness are more likely to suffer from long-term sequelae after one year.
Article
Rheumatology
Dennis McGonagle et al.
Summary: In patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia, immunomodulatory therapy has overall benefits, while immunosuppression is not proven to be beneficial in mild cases or critical cases. Timely immunosuppression may have a window of opportunity, but caution should be exercised regarding RNAaemia. Immunomodulatory therapy can inhibit excessive immune responses and immunothrombosis.
LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Bingwen Eugene Fan et al.
Summary: Sustained hypercoagulability and endotheliopathy persist in convalescent COVID-19 patients for several months after recovery. Hemostatic, endothelial, and inflammatory abnormalities are still detectable in these patients compared to their pre-recovery state. This finding is important for long-term anticoagulation therapy and follow-up of recovered patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Manoj Sivan et al.
Summary: This study tested and modified the C19-YRS scale using Rasch analysis, incorporating new information on essential PCS symptoms and feedback from patients and professionals. The resulting C19-YRSm scale effectively assesses symptom severity, functional disability, additional symptoms, and overall health in PCS patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Choutka et al.
Summary: Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) represent a group of chronic illnesses with overlapping clinical features with chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This review summarizes the current knowledge of PAISs and discusses the need for basic biomedical research into the underlying mechanisms of these enigmatic chronic diseases, including the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad Al-Aly et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Merad et al.
Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Whitaker et al.
Summary: This study characterizes Long COVID using data from the REACT-2 community-based study in England, estimating the prevalence of persistent symptoms and identifying risk factors. It also finds evidence of symptom clustering.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Ayoubkhani et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of long covid symptoms, and evidence suggested sustained improvement after a second dose, although longer follow-up is needed.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Abigail Walker et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Stefania Fugazzaro et al.
Summary: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). The study suggests that rehabilitation can improve dyspnea, anxiety, and kinesiophobia, although results on pulmonary function are inconsistent. However, improvements were detected in muscle strength, walking capacity, sit-to-stand performance, and quality of life. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Lixue Huang et al.
Summary: With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a study was conducted to characterize the longitudinal evolution of health outcomes in hospitalized survivors of COVID-19 over a period of 2 years. The study found that although most survivors recovered and returned to work within 2 years, a significant proportion of them experienced persistent symptoms and health problems. These findings emphasize the need for further research and interventions to understand and reduce the risk of long-term COVID-19.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rachael A. Evans et al.
Summary: This study aimed to describe recovery one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing inflammatory profiles. The results showed that a significant proportion of patients did not fully recover one year after discharge. Female sex, obesity, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with lower likelihood of full recovery. Inflammation and obesity may be treatable traits that need further investigation in clinical trials.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bernardo Meza-Torres et al.
Summary: This study analyzed primary care data to investigate the symptoms of long COVID after COVID-19 infection and found differences in symptom presentation between hospitalized and community infections. Diagnosis or referral for long COVID was associated with higher odds of presenting prespecified symptoms, and mental health sequelae were more common after hospital infections. Additionally, the study found that all-cause mortality in long COVID patients was associated with age, sex, and multimorbidity score, while vaccination was associated with reduced odds of mortality.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manoj Sivan et al.
Summary: This study aims to optimize the care for Long COVID, including improving access, reducing inequalities, assisting self-management, and providing guidance for primary care. The research will systematically analyze current practices and iteratively improve care pathways to establish a 'gold standard' of care.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kamini Krishnan et al.
Summary: Patients with persistent cognitive complaints after COVID-19 infection showed mild cognitive deficits in attention, processing speed, and executive function. A significant proportion of patients also had mood disorders and experienced significant fatigue symptoms.
ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Darren A. Brown et al.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
David H. Jiang et al.
Summary: Most severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients survive the immediate infection, but are at risk for persistent and delayed multisystem complications. Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) affect a significant portion of coronavirus disease 2019 survivors, with a wide range of symptoms and complications. Data on PASC risk factors and vulnerable populations are limited, but evidence suggests a disproportionate impact on certain groups.
JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Melanie Dani et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented morbidity, mortality, and disruption, with a new syndrome known as 'long COVID' emerging among survivors. This syndrome, characterized by debilitating symptoms like breathlessness and palpitations, may be related to autonomic nervous system disruption post-infection. Physicians should recognize and support individuals with 'long COVID' symptoms, with a focus on managing the underlying impaired autonomic physiology.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma Ladds et al.
Summary: Persistent symptoms of long COVID affect 10-20% of patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with no formal guidelines in the UK for treatment. A study explores the lived experience of 43 healthcare professionals with long COVID, who offer valuable expertise for service design. Quality standards, including equity, ease of access, minimal patient care burden, clinical responsibility, a multidisciplinary approach, and patient involvement, are proposed for a potential care pathway model to improve care for long COVID patients.
Article
Respiratory System
Marion Delcroix et al.
Summary: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism, often resulting in right heart failure. Current treatment modalities include surgery, angioplasty, and medication therapy.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carole H. Sudre et al.
Summary: Reports on long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, known as 'long COVID', are increasing. Analysis of data from over 4,000 COVID-19 cases revealed that long COVID is more common in older individuals, those with higher body mass index, and females. Experiencing more than five symptoms in the first week of illness was associated with long COVID. A simple model showed promise in distinguishing between short and long COVID cases early in the disease.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alex Rushforth et al.
Summary: The narratives of long Covid use storytelling devices to vividly describe the strange and frightening new illness that patients are experiencing, revealing the challenges they face in interactions with healthcare professionals. Patients share their narratives on social media, gaining resonance and support.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rachael A. Evans et al.
Summary: The study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19-related hospitalization on health and employment, identify factors associated with recovery, and describe recovery phenotypes. Findings revealed that some patients did not fully recover six months after discharge, with factors such as female sex, middle age, comorbidities, and severe illness contributing to difficulties in recovery. The study also identified four different recovery phenotypes.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zackary Berger et al.
Summary: There are an estimated 700,000 people in the US with long COVID, and social determinants such as poverty as well as structural inequalities like racism play a significant role in influencing COVID-19 and its long-term impacts. Primary care providers have a unique opportunity to care for vulnerable long COVID patients and policy measures should focus on strengthening primary care, improving data quality, and addressing various forms of inequities.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Athanasia Pataka et al.
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to understand the prevalence of sleep dysfunction and psychological distress, identify risk factors, and explore effective management strategies. Evidence suggests that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experience sleep disturbances and psychological distress, with certain factors increasing the risk of sleep dysfunction. Additionally, the link between sleep deprivation, susceptibility to viral infections, and psychosocial wellbeing in relation to COVID-19 is discussed in this review, along with the presence and role of sleep apnea in infected individuals.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kamlesh Khunti et al.
Summary: Cardiometabolic conditions, like type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are linked to severe COVID-19 and long COVID. Interventions targeting multiple risk factors, along with the use of novel glucose-lowering agents, are recommended for managing long COVID in people.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Manoj Sivan et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nikhil Mayor et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Ayoubkhani et al.
Summary: Patients discharged from the hospital after COVID-19 were found to have increased rates of multiorgan dysfunction, with higher risk not only limited to the elderly but also varying across ethnic groups.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Asli Kalin et al.
Summary: The study found that exertional desaturation tests have not been validated in patients with Covid-19, highlighting the need for further research. There is a stronger evidence base for the diagnostic accuracy of the 1MSTST in chronic lung diseases, but safety concerns may arise due to the test's intensity in remote consultations or unstable patients. Urgent evaluation of the less strenuous 40-step walk test is required.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marcus Ståhlberg et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Martine Nurek et al.
Summary: In the absence of specific therapies and care pathways for long COVID, a rapid expert guide was provided through a Delphi study with primary and secondary care doctors in the UK. Thirty-three clinicians representing 14 specialties reached consensus on 35 recommendations, emphasizing the need for GPs to consider a wide range of symptoms, conduct thorough history and examination, and individualized rehabilitation for long COVID patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Alex J. Walker et al.
Summary: Recording of long COVID in primary care in England is low and shows significant variation between practices. Possible factors contributing to this include lack of patient presentation, differing diagnostic thresholds among clinicians and patients, and challenges with the design and communication of diagnostic codes. It is recommended to increase awareness of diagnostic codes to support research and service planning, and to conduct qualitative surveys to better understand clinicians' perspectives on diagnosis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
Summary: This meta-analysis revealed that more than 60% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced post-COVID-19 symptoms. Fatigue and dyspnea were the most prevalent post-COVID-19 symptoms, especially at 60 and >= 90 days after onset.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Harry Crook et al.
Summary: The long-term effects of covid-19 can affect multiple systems in the body, leading to persistent symptoms that impact patients of varying severity. These symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairment, among others. Studies discuss risk factors for acute and long covid, as well as potential therapeutic options.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nida Ziauddeen et al.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Paul E. Marik et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is a highly complex medical disorder, with severe cases involving multiple pathological processes such as inflammation, endothelial inflammation, and thrombosis. The presence of auto-antibodies exacerbates the severity of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melina Michelen et al.
Summary: Long COVID is a complex condition with prolonged and heterogeneous symptoms, including weakness, general malaise, fatigue, concentration impairment, and breathlessness. Approximately 37% of patients reported reduced quality of life, and 26% of studies presented evidence of reduced pulmonary function. There is an urgent need for further studies to explore the etiology, risk factors, and biomarkers of long COVID in different populations and settings.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peter Phiri et al.
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests a negative and disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black, Asian, and minority ethnic communities, especially in the UK's National Health Service where BAME healthcare workers have experienced higher mortality rates. The ethical and moral implications of this situation could exacerbate the mental health effects of the pandemic on these communities.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Dennis et al.
Summary: A study conducted in two UK community centers found that 70% of individuals with persistent symptoms following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection had impairment in one or more organs 4 months after initial COVID-19 symptoms. Common symptoms included fatigue, muscle aches, breathlessness, and headaches.
Article
Respiratory System
Martijn A. Spruit et al.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Trisha Greenhalgh et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nisreen A. Alwan et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kajal Patel et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Emma Ladds et al.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohammed F. Islam et al.
FATIGUE-BIOMEDICINE HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Frances Chung et al.
