Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

Biomimetic materials for better bone graft substitutes are a thrust area of research among researchers and clinicians. Autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts are often utilized to repair and regenerate bone defects. Autografts are still considered the gold -stan-dard method/material to treat bone-related issues with satisfactory outcomes. It is important that the material used for bone tissue repair is simultaneously osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic. To overcome this problem, researchers have tried several ways to develop different materials using chitosan-based nanocomposites of silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica. The combination of materials helps in the expression of ideal bone formation genes of alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein, runt-related transcription factor-2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In vitro and in vivo studies highlight the scientific findings of antibacterial activity, tissue integration, stiffness, mechanical strength, and degra-dation behaviour of composite materials for tissue engineering applications.

Automated summary

Biomimetic materials for bone graft substitutes are an important area of research, where chitosan-based nanocomposites have been explored with silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica. The combination of these materials stimulates the expression of bone formation genes and exhibits antibacterial activity, tissue integration, stiffness, mechanical strength, and degradation behavior, making them suitable for tissue engineering applications.