Can Nanosecond Laser Achieve High-Performance Perovskite Solar Modules with Aperture Area Efficiency Over 21%?

Overcoming cell-to-module (CTM) efficiency losses is indispensable to realize large-area high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaic devices for commercialization. Laser scribing technology is used to fabricate perovskite modules, but it does not seem to solve the problem of high-quality interconnection and high geometric filling factor (GFF), which are the prerequisites for overcoming CTM losses. In reality, what kind of laser technology is needed to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite solar modules is still an open question. Herein, this work demonstrates that a nanosecond pulse laser is able to deliver a reduced heat-affected zone due to the small thermal diffusion coefficient (D-t) of perovskite material, contributing to the accomplishment of a high GFF of up to 95.5%. In addition, the monolithic interconnection quality is improved by finely lifting off the capping layers on indium tin oxide and identifying the residue within the scribed area. As a result, a certified aperture area efficiency of 21.07% under standard 100 mW cm(-2) AM1.5G illumination is achieved with a high photovoltaic fill factor exceeding 80%. The present study provides guidance in overcoming key CTM efficiency losses in perovskite photovoltaic technology.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a nanosecond pulse laser to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite solar modules by reducing the heat-affected zone and improving the interconnection quality to overcome CTM efficiency losses.