4.8 Review

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Multifunctional Protection Layers via a Self-Driven Chemical Reaction To Stabilize Lithium Metal Anodes

Boyu Li et al.

Summary: A LiF-rich protection layer was developed in this study to enhance the safety and stability of Li metal anodes, enabling uniform Li deposition and inhibiting dendrite growth. When paired with different cathode materials, the batteries showed excellent capacity retention and cycling stability. A high energy density and long cycle life were achieved using a S/LixLLTO-Li pouch cell.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Composite Lithium Metal Anodes with Lithiophilic and Low-Tortuosity Scaffold Enabling Ultrahigh Currents and Capacities in Carbonate Electrolytes

Jingyi Wu et al.

Summary: The composite Li metal anode supported by TiO2/PVP nanofibers can effectively address the dendrite growth issue, improve the safety and cyclability of batteries, and achieve stable cycling at high areal capacities and current densities. This unique structure enables stable cycling under ultrahigh currents and ultra-deep plating/stripping, showing potential for balancing high-energy density and high-power density in Li metal batteries.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Review on Li Deposition in Working Batteries: From Nucleation to Early Growth

Xiao-Ru Chen et al.

Summary: Lithium metal as a promising alternative anode material for high-energy-density batteries is crucial in the new era of advanced energy storage. Understanding the deposition mechanism from nucleation to early growth is essential for improving battery performance and dendrite-free deposition behavior. Various models have been proposed to enhance the insight into the lithium deposition process, opening up new possibilities for practical lithium metal batteries.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A High-Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion-Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer

Kun Zhang et al.

Summary: A new solution-processable polymer material, CMP, has been developed to create lithium metal anodes with nanofluidic channels. These anodes exhibit high cycle stability at high areal current densities, ensuring stable use of lithium metal.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Li-Rich Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries

Liangdong Lin et al.

Summary: The lifespan of anode-free lithium metal batteries can be extended by introducing Li-rich Li-2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O-2 into the cathode, resulting in high energy density and capacity retention after 100 cycles under limited electrolyte addition conditions.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A high-energy and long-cycling lithium-sulfur pouch cell via a macroporous catalytic cathode with double-end binding sites

Chen Zhao et al.

Summary: A novel cathode design for Li-S batteries utilizing single-atom Co catalyst and ZnS nanoparticles has successfully suppressed the shuttling effect, resulting in stable cycling and high energy performances.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Engineering, Chemical

Advanced electrode processing of lithium ion batteries: A review of powder technology in battery fabrication

He Liu et al.

Summary: Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles, with powder technology playing a crucial role in electrode microstructure evolution.

PARTICUOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Epitaxial Induced Plating Current-Collector Lasting Lifespan of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Battery

Liangdong Lin et al.

Summary: The lifespan of an anode-free Li metal battery has been prolonged by applying an epitaxial induced plating current-collector (E-Cu) in this study, promoting Li storage and forming a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) beneficial for uniform Li plating. This strategy has increased the initial coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of the battery, achieving a remarkable energy density under limited electrolyte addition conditions.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Toward the Scale-Up of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: The Gaps between Lab-Level Cells and Practical Large-Format Batteries

Lei Xu et al.

Summary: The scale-up process of solid-state lithium metal batteries is crucial for improving battery safety and energy density. While advanced approaches have shown success in lab-scale cells, challenges remain in applying these results to practical large-scale batteries. Promising opportunities to overcome these challenges are identified and feasible future strategies are proposed to guide further research.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Ferroelectric polarization accelerates lithium-ion diffusion for dendrite-free and highly-practical lithium-metal batteries

Lanxin Xue et al.

Summary: In this study, a ferroelectric decoration layer of BiFeO3 nanoparticles was applied on a commercial separator to construct a polarization field, accelerating Li-ion migratory process and effectively eliminating barren areas near the anode surface. This facilitated dense and smooth nucleation of lithium deposition, resulting in long-term stability and high Coulombic efficiency. The use of BFO/PP separator in Li-S pouch cells also showed significant improvements in specific capacity and capacity decay over cycles, demonstrating the potential for highly practical Li metal batteries.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Competitive Solvation-Induced Concurrent Protection on the Anode and Cathode toward a 400 Wh kg-1 Lithium Metal Battery

Wei Deng et al.

Summary: This study introduces a strategy based on regulating electrolyte solvation chemistry, using fluoroether as a destabilizer to construct a stable interface on both the cathode and anode simultaneously. Through this method, surface protection of lithium metal batteries and improved battery performance can be achieved.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Critical Current Density in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Mechanism, Influences, and Strategies

Yang Lu et al.

Summary: Solid-state lithium metal batteries have gained attention for their improved safety and high energy density, but issues such as dendrite-induced short circuits and contact-loss-induced high impedance hinder practical applications. The critical current density (CCD) is crucial for SSLMBs and future research should focus on strategies to enhance CCD for practical use.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polycationic Polymer Layer for Air-Stable and Dendrite-Free Li Metal Anodes in Carbonate Electrolytes

Jingyi Wu et al.

Summary: Controllable dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries has been a major obstacle to their commercialization. A polycationic and hydrophobic polymer protective layer has been developed to address this issue, allowing for stable and efficient Li metal anodes. This protective layer enables steady Li plating/stripping, improved Li utilization efficiency, and enhanced electrochemical performance in cells utilizing LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiFePO4. The layer also contributes to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), as demonstrated through mechanism investigation.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Non-Solvating and Low-Dielectricity Cosolvent for Anion-Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphases in Lithium Metal Batteries

Jun-Fan Ding et al.

Summary: The cosolvents play a critical role in the solvation structure of Li+ and the formation of SEI on working Li metal anodes, with NL cosolvents enhancing the interaction between anion and Li+ to induce an anion-derived inorganic-rich SEI. A solvent with proper relative binding energy toward Li+ and dielectric constant is suitable as NL cosolvent.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Highly stable and robust bi-electrodes interfacial protective films for practical lithium metal batteries

Zhipeng Wen et al.

Summary: The use of lithium 2 trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazolide (C6F3LiN4) as an electrolyte additive in lithium metal-based batteries helps in forming protective films on both electrodes. It effectively protects the cathode from deterioration and prevents the formation of lithium dendrites on the anode, leading to stable cycling performance and high capacity retention after multiple cycles.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High Energy Density Rechargeable Batteries Based on Li Metal Anodes. The Role of Unique Surface Chemistry Developed in Solutions Containing Fluorinated Organic Co-solvents

Doron Aurbach et al.

Summary: To enhance the energy density of lithium ion batteries, the combination of lithium metal anodes with specific cathode materials and advanced electrolyte solutions is crucial. Research has shown that the use of fluorinated co-solvents can improve the cycling behavior of full cells, paving the way for developing rechargeable batteries with the highest energy density.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cooperative Shielding of Bi-Electrodes via In Situ Amorphous Electrode-Electrolyte Interphases for Practical High-Energy Lithium-Metal Batteries

Jia-Yan Liang et al.

Summary: The study proposes a dual-interface protection strategy which effectively combines solid-state and liquid-state batteries, addressing main challenges while maintaining energy density.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Electrochemistry

Cycling Performance of NMC811 Anode-Free Pouch Cells with 65 Different Electrolyte Formulations

A. Eldesoky et al.

Summary: This study investigated the cycle life of 65 electrolyte mixtures for anode-free Li metal batteries, revealing that only a few electrolytes showed slight improvement in cycle life while others were uncompetitive. This data set serves as a guide for researchers in the field and highlights the challenges associated with liquid electrolytes.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Creating New Battery Configuration Associated with the Functions of Primary and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries

Hao Chen et al.

Summary: A new rechargeable three-electrode battery configuration has been developed, involving lithium, fluorinated graphite, and sulfur electrodes, which can transform the initial middle-fluorinated graphite cathode into a hybrid lithium anode. This rechargeable battery shows low overpotential, long cycle life, and high energy density based on the total mass of the three-electrode materials, with the excess lithium in the system being replenished in situ to further extend the lifespan.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

How Does External Pressure Shape Li Dendrites in Li Metal Batteries?

Xin Shen et al.

Summary: External pressure has a significant impact on the morphology and performance of Li metal batteries, affecting the electroplating reactions and the shape of dendrites. A phase diagram of routine electrolytes under various external pressures has been established, providing rational guidance for designing pressure management systems in batteries.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Tortuosity Modulation toward High-Energy and High-Power Lithium Metal Batteries

Yongzheng Shi et al.

Summary: This article reveals the correlation between the electrochemical kinetics and tortuosity of LMBs, discusses the importance of low-tortuous structures for improving high-power LMBs, and summarizes material design strategies to regulate lithium-ion flux, electric field, and lithium nucleation.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Tailoring electrolyte solvation for Li metal batteries cycled at ultra-low temperature

John Holoubek et al.

Summary: This study highlights the importance of the solvation structure of the electrolyte in charge-transfer behavior at ultra-low temperatures for lithium metal batteries. By designing an electrolyte to enable low-temperature operations, stable performance and high efficiency can be achieved for Li-metal batteries.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Revealing Anion Adsorption Mechanism for Coating Layer on Separator toward Practical Li Metal Batteries

Xue Yin et al.

Summary: By studying the anion adsorption mechanism and Li plating behavior of the coating layer in Li batteries, it is possible to enhance the performance of Li metal battery separators, enabling the assembly of high-performance battery components.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dual-Solvent Li-Ion Solvation Enables High-Performance Li-Metal Batteries

Hansen Wang et al.

Summary: Novel electrolyte designs, including fluorinated 1,6-dimethoxyhexane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane as solvent molecules, along with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, enable high-performance lithium metal batteries with improved stability and ionic conductivity. The use of a dual-solvent system contributes to the anion-derived solid-electrolyte interphase and enhances the overall battery performance.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Formulating the Electrolyte Towards High-Energy and Safe Rechargeable Lithium-Metal Batteries

Qiang Ma et al.

Summary: By adjusting the composition of conventional electrolytes, a hybrid electrolyte was developed to ensure high stability, allowing both the Li-metal anode and nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes to exhibit good performance. Experimental results show that cells with the new electrolyte exhibit favorable cycling and rate performance, achieving a high specific energy. These findings provide reasonable design principles for the practical realization of high-energy rechargeable batteries.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrolyte Structure of Lithium Polysulfides with Anti-Reductive Solvent Shells for Practical Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Xue-Qiang Zhang et al.

Summary: This study reveals the electrolyte structure of PSs with anti-reductive solvent shells, reducing the reactivity between PSs and Li and significantly improving the cycling performance of Li-S batteries.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

High-Energy Lateral Mapping (HELM) Studies of Inhomogeneity and Failure Mechanisms in NMC622/Li Pouch Cells

Gerard S. Mattei et al.

Summary: The ability to effectively probe the inhomogeneity in battery cathode films using high-energy synchrotron X-rays has been demonstrated, allowing for both fundamental studies of single-layer cathode films and improvements in manufacturing processes for multilayer battery stacks. High-energy lateral mapping studies revealed both local and long-range variations in cathode loading, providing insights into coating quality and specific failure mechanisms affecting battery performance.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Pressure-tailored lithium deposition and dissolution in lithium metal batteries

Chengcheng Fang et al.

Summary: This study presents a high-density Li deposition technique achieved by controlling uniaxial stack pressure to improve the performance of lithium metal batteries, along with proposing a Li morphology testing protocol to maintain the ideal Li deposition morphology. The critical role of stack pressure on Li nucleation, growth, and dissolution processes is elucidated, highlighting the importance of precise control of Li deposition and dissolution.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantitatively analyzing the failure processes of rechargeable Li metal batteries

Yuxuan Xiang et al.

Summary: The practical use of lithium metal in high-energy density lithium metal batteries is hindered by the continuous formation of lithium dendrites and irreversibly formed solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs). By combining operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with ex situ titration gas chromatography (TGC) and mass spectrometry titration (MST) techniques, a solid foundation for quantifying the evolution of dead lithium metal and SEI separately has been established. The existence of LiH has been identified, causing deviations in the quantification results of dead lithium metal obtained by these techniques. Quantitative studies on the formation of inactive lithium under different operating conditions have revealed a general two-stage failure process for lithium metal.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cryogenic electron microscopy reveals that applied pressure promotes short circuits in Li batteries

Katharine L. Harrison et al.

Summary: Increasing pressure has little impact on Li morphology and can improve Li density and preserve Li inventory. However, it exacerbates dendritic growth through the separator, leading to short circuits. It is suspected that Li inventory is better preserved under high pressure due to shorts carrying a larger portion of the current.

ISCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Long-Life Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Electrode Achieved by Constructing a Single Metal Atom Anchored in a Diffusion Modulator Layer

Jian Wang et al.

Summary: By anchoring highly active single metal atoms on hierarchical porous nanocarbon, the synthesized SACo/ADFS@HPSC shows great potential in modulating lithium ion behaviors and smoothing the lithium surface, resulting in lower nucleation barrier, extended plating lifespan, improved Coulombic efficiency, and accelerated horizontal deposition of plated lithium. These advancements lead to a promising practical application with high capacity and energy density in pouch cell configuration.

NANO LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

A two-dimension laminar composite protective layer for dendrite-free lithium metal anode

Xiang-Qun Xu et al.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Ultra-high-voltage Ni-rich layered cathodes in practical Li metal batteries enabled by a sulfonamide-based electrolyte

Weijiang Xue et al.

Summary: The authors have developed a sulfonamide-based electrolyte that allows for stable cycling of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 in lithium metal batteries at a cutoff voltage of 4.7 V, achieving a specific capacity >230 mA h g(-1) and an average Coulombic efficiency >99.65% over 100 cycles. The 4.7 V lithium-metal battery can retain >88% capacity for 90 cycles even under harsh testing conditions, advancing practical lithium-metal batteries.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Pre-Solid Electrolyte Interphase-Covered Li Metal Anode with Improved Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Reliability in High-Energy-Density Batteries

Xi Chen et al.

Summary: The study introduces a novel drop-coating process and successful design of a reliable pre-SEI layer, enhancing the cycling performance and Coulombic efficiency of lithium metal in batteries.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Achieving High-Performance Li-S Batteries via Polysulfide Adjoining Interface Engineering

Hun Kim et al.

Summary: By fabricating a high-loading sulfur cathode, pretreating the lithium metal anode, and adding a diluent to the electrolyte, high energy density Li-S batteries were successfully realized in this study.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Effects of Applied Interfacial Pressure on Li-Metal Cycling Performance and Morphology in 4 M LiFSI in DME

Katharine L. Harrison et al.

Summary: Applying appropriate interfacial pressure during lithium metal anode cycling can significantly affect the volumetric energy density, with the best cell performance observed at intermediate pressures of 0.1-1 MPa, while the highest pressure of 10 MPa leads to high cell overpotential and soft short circuits.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High Energy Density Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Sub-5 μm Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Fei He et al.

Summary: Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are favored for their ability to address safety concerns and ensure high energy density. This study introduces an ultrathin bilayer solid-state electrolyte to enhance the safety and performance of SSBs, achieving high energy density goals.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Chemical Lithiation Transforms Diamond-Like Carbon into an Ultrastrong Ion Conductor for Dendrite-Free Lithium-Metal Anodes

Zhongzhong Li et al.

Summary: This study presents a method of coating a PP separator with a layer of ultrastrong DLC to suppress Li-dendrite growth, which undergoes in situ chemical lithiation when assembled with the lithium-metal anode, resulting in stable cycling and dendrite-free lithium deposition.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lithium Fluoride in Electrolyte for Stable and Safe Lithium-Metal Batteries

Yi-Hong Tan et al.

Summary: Electrolyte engineering with fluorinated additives has the potential to enhance cycling stability and safety of high-energy Li-metal batteries. The electrolyte developed in this study utilizing a porous lithium fluoride strategy demonstrated nonflammability and high electrochemical performance, leading to stable cycling of Li-metal anodes even at high current densities. This new electrolyte engineering strategy offers promise for stable and safe Li-metal batteries.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ultralight Electrolyte for High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Pouch Cells

Tao Liu et al.

Summary: The introduction of an ultralight electrolyte with a weakly-coordinating and Li-compatible monoether greatly reduces the weight fraction of electrolyte in Li-S batteries, enabling pouch cell functionality under lean-electrolyte conditions and achieving significant improvements in specific energy. Our ultralight electrolyte could achieve an ultralow electrolyte weight/capacity ratio and realize a substantial increase in specific energy, even exceeding 20% improvement at various E/S ratios.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Regulation of SEI Formation by Anion Receptors to Achieve Ultra-Stable Lithium-Metal Batteries

Kangsheng Huang et al.

Summary: In this study, an anion-receptor-mediated carbonate electrolyte was reported to improve the cyclability of Li-metal anodes in rechargeable batteries with high average Coulombic efficiency and enhanced ion dynamics. XPS analysis distinguished differences in SEI components between the developed and blank electrolyte, showcasing molecular insights into the Li-metal/electrolyte interface. A 2.5 Ah prototype pouch cell was prepared with a high energy density and 90.90% capacity retention over 50 cycles.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Permeable Lithium-Ion Channels on Lithium Metal for Practical Lithium-Sulfur Pouch Cells

Peng-Yu Chen et al.

Summary: By designing selectively permeable lithium-ion channels on the surface of lithium metal, lithium ions can pass through while polysulfides are effectively blocked, resulting in improved performance and cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Electrochemistry

Long cycle-life prototype lithium-metal all-solid-state pouch cells employing garnet-rich composite electrolyte

Tho Thieu et al.

Summary: The study successfully developed a solid-state pouch cell showing long cycle life and excellent safety, paving the way for practical application.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

In-situ thermal polymerization boosts succinonitrile-based composite solid-state electrolyte for high performance Li-metal battery

Chuankai Fu et al.

Summary: A novel succinonitrile-based composite solid-state electrolyte (SN-CSSE) with high room temperature ionic conductivity and favorable thermal stability was fabricated for practical use in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries. The electrolyte demonstrated excellent interfacial stability, cycling reversibility, and rate capability, along with superior thermal stability during thermal shock testing.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dendrite-Free Li Metal Anodes and the Formation of Plating Textures with a High Transference Number Modified Separator

Xuting Li et al.

Summary: The use of a modified separator with a high Li+ transference number has a significant impact on the structure and electrochemical performance of Li metal anodes, enabling stable and dendrite-free plating/stripping cycles. Uniformly grown Li grains under the high t(+) environment exhibit well-defined textures.
Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sowing Silver Seeds within Patterned Ditches for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries

Hua Wang et al.

Summary: The Li anode with silver nanowires sowed in patterned ditches shows improved stability and cycling performance, with excellent cyclability achieved under specific current and capacity conditions. Pairing this anode with specific cathodes also demonstrates long cycle life and minimal gas generation in full cells over extended cycling, showcasing the effectiveness of the authors' strategy for LMBs.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Roadmap of Solid-State Lithium-Organic Batteries toward 500 Wh kg-1

Lihong Zhao et al.

Summary: The combination of solid-state electrolytes and organic battery electrode materials shows potential for high-energy solid-state batteries with high safety, low cost, and long-term sustainability. The challenges facing organic solid-state batteries include performance-limiting factors and critical cell design parameters affecting cell-level specific energy and energy density. Guidelines are proposed to achieve a specific energy of 500 Wh kg(-1) with solid-state Li-organic batteries.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Stack Pressure Measurements to Probe the Evolution of the Lithium-Solid-State Electrolyte Interface

Chanhee Lee et al.

Summary: Real-time measurement of stack pressure in solid-state batteries provides new insights into the interfacial behavior of solid-state electrolytes, aiding in the understanding of different degradation mechanisms and reaction phenomena. Tracking stack pressure coupled with impedance can distinguish between various phenomena and degradation mechanisms within cells, demonstrating the utility of these electro-chemo-mechanical measurements in understanding solid-state battery behavior.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

A high-energy-density and long-life initial-anode-free lithium battery enabled by a Li2O sacrificial agent

Yu Qiao et al.

Summary: Anode-free batteries are promising for high-energy applications, but face challenges with cycling stability due to limited lithium sources. In this study, researchers preloaded Li2O onto the cathode of an initial-anode-free cell to provide additional lithium for offsetting irreversible lithium loss during long-term cycling. By utilizing O-2(-) species released through Li2O oxidation and a fluorinated ether additive, a LiF-based layer was constructed at the cathode/electrolyte interface to passivate the cathode surface and inhibit the detrimental oxidative decomposition of ether solvents. As a result, a long-life 2.46 Ah initial-anode-free pouch cell with a gravimetric energy density of 320 Wh kg(-1) was achieved, maintaining 80% capacity after 300 cycles.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Balancing interfacial reactions to achieve long cycle life in high-energy lithium metal batteries

Chaojiang Niu et al.

Summary: The study investigates the degradation mechanisms of Li || LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 pouch cells and shows that an optimal anode to cathode capacity ratio of 1:1 can balance well the rates of Li consumption, electrolyte depletion, and solid-electrolyte interphase construction to extend the cycle life of the cell. Contrary to conventional wisdom, long cycle life is observed with ultra-thin Li in balanced cells. A prototype 350 Wh kg(-1) pouch cell achieves over 600 stable cycles with 76% capacity retention.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Ultrathin polymer electrolyte film prepared by in situ polymerization for lithium metal batteries

Mengjun Sun et al.

Summary: The in situ solidification method utilizing ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone results in the formation of ultra-thin solid polymer electrolytes with excellent interfacial stability and ionic conductivity, while the addition of 15 wt% propylene carbonate further enhances battery performance. The semisolid-state LiFePO4/Li cell delivers a high discharge capacity of 150 mAh/g even after 100 cycles at room temperature, demonstrating great potential for building better solid-state lithium metal batteries.

MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Scale-up processing of a safe quasi-solid-state lithium battery by cathode-supported solid electrolyte coating

Qiushi Sun et al.

Summary: A scale-up route was employed to fabricate quasi-solid-state Li batteries by coating a solid electrolyte on the cathode and in-situ polymerization for interfacial modification. The battery delivered a high capacity of 122 mAh g(-1) and retained 81% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 0.5 C and 60 degrees C, showing promising potential for next-generation energy storage systems.

MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Rationally optimized carbon fiber cloth as lithiophilic host for highly stable Li metal anodes

J. Cao et al.

Summary: Constructing a three-dimensional lithiophilic porous framework is an effective solution for the practical application of lithium metal anode, and pre-storing lithium using CuO nanocluster decorated carbon fiber cloth can significantly enhance electrode performance stability and play a crucial role in lithium deposition behavior.

MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Dendrite-Free and Micron-Columnar Li Metal Deposited from LiNO3-Based Electrolytes

Jingjing Zhou et al.

Summary: This study successfully constructed dendrite-free columnar lithium deposition using LiNO3-based electrolyte, forming a nitrogen-rich inorganic SEI with excellent Li+ conductivity, enhancing the reversibility and Coulombic efficiency of the battery, resulting in outstanding cycling stability. This approach provides a new pathway for regulating columnar lithium deposition and developing electrolyte formulations for secondary lithium-metal batteries.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

Review Physics, Applied

Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Aluminum/Magnesium/Sodium-Ion Batteries

Na Zhu et al.

Summary: This review discusses the utilization and limitations of ionic liquid-based electrolytes in metal-based battery systems, highlighting their characteristics in safety, stability, and optimization, as well as strategies to address electrolyte corrosion and side reactions in the battery system.

ENERGY MATERIAL ADVANCES (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Formation of Stable Interphase of Polymer-in-Salt Electrolyte in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Hongcai Gao et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates an all-solid-state lithium battery based on a polymer-in-salt electrolyte, which features a wide electrochemically stable window, high ionic conductivity, increased lithium-ion transference number, and suppressed dendrite growth from the lithium-metal anode. Additionally, a stable interphase formed between the lithium-metal anode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte can restrain uncontrolled parasitic reactions.

ENERGY MATERIAL ADVANCES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanism understanding for stripping electrochemistry of Li metal anode

Feng-Ni Jiang et al.

Summary: This review critically examines the current research status on the stripping electrochemistry of lithium metal anode, emphasizing the importance of the stripping process for robust lithium metal anode. The factors affecting stripping processes and corresponding solutions are summarized and categorized, offering fresh insights for exploring lithium anode and designing robust lithium metal batteries based on comprehensive understanding of the stripping electrochemistry.

SUSMAT (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Scalable fabrication of a large-area lithium/graphene anode towards a long-life 350 W h kg-1 lithium metal pouch cell

Bangyi He et al.

Summary: A thermally initiated conversion method was proposed to fabricate a Li@G composite anode, which improved reversibility and cycle life of Li metal batteries. The composite anode effectively reduced dead Li accumulation and improved cell performance, showing promising progress in the design and fabrication of practical pLMBs.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Electrochemistry

Promoting the sulfur redox kinetics by mixed organodiselenides in high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries

Meng Zhao et al.

Summary: The study introduces a mixed organodiselenides promoter to enhance the sulfur redox kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries. This promoter enables high discharge capacity, energy density, and stability under practical working conditions, showcasing the potential for constructing high-energy-density Li-S batteries with improved performance.

ESCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Formation mechanism of the solid electrolyte interphase in different ester electrolytes

Shi-Jie Yang et al.

Summary: The formation mechanisms of SEI in electrolytes with DEC and EC were studied, revealing that LEC can disperse in the electrolyte while LEDC cannot. First-principles calculations confirmed that the low polymerization degree of LEC leads to its good dispersity, while poly-LEDC can remain on the Li surface as the stable SEI.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An artificial hybrid interphase for an ultrahigh-rate and practical lithium metal anode

Anjun Hu et al.

Summary: An artificial hybrid SEI layer composed of lithium-antimony alloy and lithium fluoride was constructed to reduce electron tunneling between the Li anode and SEI, resulting in uniform Li deposition and stable Li plating/stripping behaviors at an ultrahigh rate. This work uncovers the internal mechanism of Li+ transport within the SEI component, providing a pathway to stabilize the Li anode under practical high-rate conditions.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advanced liquid electrolytes enable practical applications of high-voltage lithium-metal full batteries

Shulan Mao et al.

Summary: In this article, the formation mechanism of the electrode-electrolyte interphase in high-voltage lithium metal batteries is reviewed, surface modification methods are summarized, and the relationship between liquid electrolyte formulation, interphase engineering, and electrochemical performance is analyzed. Industry-level evaluation is carried out and remaining challenges are discussed for advanced electrolytes to ensure practical applications and commercialization of HVLMBs.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A perspective on sustainable energy materials for lithium batteries

Xin-Bing Cheng et al.

Summary: Lithium-ion batteries have been successful in portable electronics and electric vehicles, but face challenges in terms of sustainable development, requiring innovation in material chemistry and safety performance, as well as the importance of battery recycling for a sustainable society.

SUSMAT (2021)

Review Electrochemistry

Artificial Solid-Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries

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Summary: This review summarizes recent works on artificial SEI and discusses the electrochemical performance of different components as interphase, aiming to inspire the study on designing and fabricating stable Li anode with robust interphase structure.

BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances and perspectives on thin electrolytes for high-energy-density solid-state lithium batteries

Xiaofei Yang et al.

Summary: Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are considered promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their high energy density and improved safety, but the drawbacks of thick solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) necessitate the reduction of thickness and development of high-performance thin SSEs.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Review Physics, Applied

Advanced Electrode Materials in Lithium Batteries: Retrospect and Prospect

Xin Shen et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the historical developments of practical electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries, discusses the emerging electrode materials for next-generation batteries, and presents the future scenario of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. The combination of theory and experiment under multiscale is highlighted to promote the development of emerging electrode materials.

ENERGY MATERIAL ADVANCES (2021)

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A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Energy-Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

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Stack Pressure Considerations for Room-Temperature All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

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ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

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Draining Over Blocking: Nano-Composite Janus Separators for Mitigating Internal Shorting of Lithium Batteries

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ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Operando Gas Monitoring of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Reactions on Lithium

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CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2020)

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Multifunctional Silanization Interface for High-Energy and Low-Gassing Lithium Metal Pouch Cells

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ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

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A Mixed Lithium-Ion Conductive Li2S/Li2Se Protection Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode

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Synergistic Dual-Additive Electrolyte Enables Practical Lithium-Metal Batteries

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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

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The evolution and failure mechanism of lithium metal anode under practical working conditions

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JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Recently developed strategies to restrain dendrite growth of Li metal anodes for rechargeable batteries

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RARE METALS (2020)

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Solid-state batteries: from fundamental interface characterization to realize sustainable promise

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RARE METALS (2020)

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Effect of Pressure on Lithium Metal Deposition and Stripping against Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolytes

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

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A Perspective toward Practical Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2020)

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A 500 Wh/kg Lithium-Metal Cell Based on Anionic Redox

Yu Qiao et al.

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Atomic Insights into the Fundamental Interactions in Lithium Battery Electrolytes

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ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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500 Wh kg-1Class Li Metal Battery Enabled by a Self-Organized Core-Shell Composite Anode

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ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Ice-Templated Free-Standing Reduced Graphene Oxide for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries

Brindha Moorthy et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lithium Metal Anodes with Nonaqueous Electrolytes

Ji-Guang Zhang et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Inhomogeneous distribution of lithium and electrolyte in aged Li-ion cylindrical cells

M. J. Muehlbauer et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2020)

Article Electrochemistry

Communication-Pressure Evolution in Constrained Rechargeable Lithium-metal Pouch Cells

Abhi Raj et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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Xin Zhang et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Developing high safety Li-metal anodes for future high-energy Li-metal batteries: strategies and perspectives

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CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

High energy density lithium metal batteries enabled by a porous graphene/MgF2 framework

Qingshuai Xu et al.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Challenges and Key Parameters of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries on Pouch Cell Level

Susanne Doerfler et al.

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Guidelines and trends for next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries

Feixiang Wu et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Basic knowledge in battery research bridging the gap between academia and industry

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MATERIALS HORIZONS (2020)

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Bridging the academic and industrial metrics for next-generation practical batteries

Yuliang Cao et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Self-smoothing anode for achieving high-energy lithium metal batteries under realistic conditions

Chaojiang Niu et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Conductivity and lithiophilicity gradients guide lithium deposition to mitigate short circuits

Jun Pu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Uniform High Ionic Conducting Lithium Sulfide Protection Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode

Hao Chen et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemical Diagram of an Ultrathin Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Peng Shi et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantifying inactive lithium in lithium metal batteries

Chengcheng Fang et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Plating/Stripping Behavior of Actual Lithium Metal Anode

He Liu et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lithiophilic LiC6 Layers on Carbon Hosts Enabling Stable Li Metal Anode in Working Batteries

Peng Shi et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Surface modification via a nanosized nitride material to stabilize lithium metal anode

Maohui Bai et al.

CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Surface Restraint Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Layer for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode

Jijin Yang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Electrochemistry

Rethinking How External Pressure Can Suppress Dendrites in Lithium Metal Batteries

Xin Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Review Energy & Fuels

How Far Away Are Lithium-Sulfur Batteries From Commercialization?

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FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Customizing a Li-metal battery that survives practical operating conditions for electric vehicle applications

Jang-Yeon Hwang et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Toward Practical Li Metal Batteries: Importance of Separator Compatibility Using Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

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ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

Article Electrochemistry

Exploring the Impact of Mechanical Pressure on the Performance of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Cells

A. J. Louli et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Regulating the Solvation of Lithium Ions in Nonaqueous Electrolytes

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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

2D MoS2 as an efficient protective layer for lithium metal anodes in high-performance Li-S batteries

Eunho Cha et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-capacity rechargeable batteries based on deeply cyclable lithium metal anodes

Qiuwei Shi et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent progress in carbon/lithium metal composite anode for safe lithium metal batteries

Tao Li et al.

RARE METALS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An Armored Mixed Conductor Interphase on a Dendrite-Free Lithium-Metal Anode

Chong Yan et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lithium Nitrate Solvation Chemistry in Carbonate Electrolyte Sustains High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries

Chong Yan et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Article Electrochemistry

Evaluating the Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Li/PEO-LiTFSI Interfacial Stability and Kinetics

A. Gupta et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lithiophilic-lithiophobic gradient interfacial layer for a highly stable lithium metal anode

Huimin Zhang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Minimizing the Electrolyte Volume in Li-S Batteries: A Step Forward to High Gravimetric Energy Density

Marco Agostini et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An ion redistributor for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes

Chen-Zi Zhao et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Sulfurized solid electrolyte interphases with a rapid Li+ diffusion on dendrite-free Li metal anodes

Xin-Bing Cheng et al.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2018)

Article Electrochemistry

Factors Affecting the Proper Functioning of a 3Ah Li-S Pouch Cell

Omer Salihoglu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nanodiamonds suppress the growth of lithium dendrites

Xin-Bing Cheng et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Columnar Lithium Metal Anodes

Xue-Qiang Zhang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The critical role of lithium nitrate in the gas evolution of lithium-sulfur batteries

Anna Jozwiuk et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

High Energy Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Challenges of Thick Sulfur Cathodes

Dongping Lv et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2015)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Physical

Understanding the Lithium Sulfur Battery System at Relevant Scales

Jie Xiao

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2015)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

What is the ideal distribution of electrolyte inside cathode pores of non-aqueous lithium-air batteries?

Peng Tan et al.

SCIENCE BULLETIN (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism

Fei Ding et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

3.0V-class film-type lithium primary battery with highly improved energy density

Young-Gi Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2010)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries

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NATURE MATERIALS (2009)