期刊
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
卷 12, 期 46, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202202795
关键词
cathode degradation; electric vehicles; extreme fast charging; lithium-ion batteries
类别
资金
- DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517, DE-AC36-08GO28308, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Argonne National Laboratory, DOE Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office
The present article reviews cathode-focused studies under extreme fast-charging (XFC) conditions and summarizes the current understanding of cathode performance and aging issues. The dominant aging modes and mechanisms of LiNixMnyCozO2-based cathodes at different length-scales are identified through electrochemical techniques and models.
Charging lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in 10 to 15 min via extreme fast-charging (XFC) is important for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Lately, the battery research community has focused on identifying XFC bottlenecks and determining novel design solutions. Like other LiB components, cathodes can present XFC bottlenecks, especially when considering long-term battery life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive understanding of how XFC conditions degrade LiB cathodes. The present article reviews relevant cathode-focused studies and summarizes the current understanding regarding cathode performance and aging issues under XFC conditions. Dominant aging modes and mechanisms are identified at different length-scales with electrochemical correlations for LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC)-based cathodes. A range of electrochemical techniques and models provide key insights into cathode performance and life issues. A suite of multimodal and multiscale microscopy and X-ray techniques is surveyed to quantify chemical, structural, and crystallographic NMC-cathode degradation. Cathode cycle-life is scaled to equivalent EV miles to illustrate how cathode degradation translates to real-world scenarios and quantifies cathode-related bottlenecks that hinder XFC adoption. Finally, the article discusses several cathode cycle-life aging mitigation strategies with example case studies and identifies remaining challenges.
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