Hierarchical nano-martensite-engineered a low-cost ultra-strong and ductile titanium alloy

Due to the low thermal stability of crystallographic boundaries, the grain boundary engineering (GBE) manifests some limits to the fineness and types of microstructures achievable, while unique chemical boundary engineering (CBE) enables us to create a metallic material with an ultrafine hierarchically heterogeneous microstructure for enhancing the mechanical properties of materials. Here, using a low cost metastable Ti-2.8Cr-4.5Zr-5.2Al (wt.%) alloy as a model material, we create a high density of chemical boundaries (CBs) through the significant diffusion mismatch between Cr and Al alloying elements to architecture hierarchical nano-martensites with an average thickness of similar to 20 nm. For this metastable titanium alloy, the significantly enhanced yield strength originates from dense nano-martensitic interface strengthening, meanwhile the large ductility is attributed to the multi-stage strain hardening of hierarchical 3D alpha'/beta lamellae assisted by equiaxed primary alpha (alpha(p)) nodules. The hierarchical nano-martensite engineering strategy confers our alloy a desired combination of strength and ductility, which can potentially be applied to many transformable alloys, and reveal a new target in microstructural design for ultrastrong-yet-ductile structural materials.

Automated summary

While grain boundary engineering has limitations, chemical boundary engineering enables the creation of metallic materials with ultrafine heterogenous microstructures, enhancing mechanical properties.