Rapid and efficient hydrogen clathrate hydrate formation in confined nanospace

Clathrate hydrates are crystalline solids characterized by their ability to accommodate large quantities of guest molecules. Although CH4 and CO2 are the traditional guests found in natural systems, incorporating smaller molecules (e.g., H-2) is challenging due to the need to apply higher pressures to stabilize the hydrogen-bonded network. Another critical limitation of hydrates is the slow nucleation and growth kinetics. Here, we show that specially designed activated carbon materials can surpass these obstacles by acting as nanoreactors promoting the nucleation and growth of H-2 hydrates. The confinement effects in the inner cavities promote the massive growth of hydrogen hydrates at moderate temperatures, using pure water, with extremely fast kinetics and much lower pressures than the bulk system. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline solids physically resembling ice, in which small molecules (typically gases) are trapped inside cages of hydrogen bonded, frozen water molecules. Here authors present the rapid formation of hydrogen clathrates by using activated carbon substrates.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the rapid formation of hydrogen clathrates using specially designed activated carbon materials as nanoreactors. The confinement effects in the inner cavities of activated carbon promote the massive growth of hydrogen hydrates at moderate temperatures, using pure water, with extremely fast kinetics and much lower pressures than the bulk system.