Phage-host interactions: The neglected part of biological wastewater treatment

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the stable operation of biological wastewater treatment is strongly dependent on the stability of associated microbiota. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that specifically infect bacteria and archaea, are highly abundant and diverse in WWTPs. Although phages do not have known meta-bolic functions for themselves, they can shape functional microbiota via various phage-host interactions to impact biological wastewater treatment. However, the developments of phage-host interaction in WWTPs and their impact on biological wastewater treatment are overlooked. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the phage-host interactions in biological wastewater treatment, mainly focusing on the characteristics of different phage populations, the phage-driven changes in functional microbiota, and the potential driving factors of phage-host interactions. We also discuss the efforts required further to understand and manipulate the phage-host interactions in biological wastewater treatment. Overall, this review advocates more attention to the phage dynamics in WWTPs.

Automated summary

This review focuses on the importance of phage-host interactions in biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It highlights the role of bacteriophages in shaping functional microbiota and the potential driving factors behind phage-host interactions. The review also emphasizes the need for further research and understanding of phage dynamics in WWTPs.