4.8 Article

Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in three tributaries of Chesapeake Bay: Detecting responses following nutrient reductions

期刊

WATER RESEARCH
卷 226, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119099

关键词

Nutrient limitation; Phytoplankton; Water quality; Long-term monitoring; Nutrient management; Ecosystem recovery

资金

  1. USEPA [CBL 2023-016]
  2. [UMCES]
  3. [07-5-230480]

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Analyzing historical data from the Chesapeake Bay's tidal tributaries revealed enhanced nutrient limitation at four of the six stations, indicating long-term water quality improvements. This research presents a new analytical tool for detecting signs of ecosystem recovery following nutrient reductions.
Many coastal ecosystems suffer from eutrophication, algal blooms, and dead zones due to excessive anthropo-genic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This has led to regional restoration efforts that focus on managing watershed loads of N and P. In Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, dual nutrient reductions of N and P have been pursued since the 1980s. However, it remains unclear whether nutrient limi-tation - an indicator of restriction of algal growth by supplies of N and P - has changed in the tributaries of Chesapeake Bay following decades of reduction efforts. Toward that end, we analyzed historical data from nutrient-addition bioassay experiments and data from the Chesapeake Bay long-term water-quality monitoring program for six stations in three tidal tributaries (i.e., Patuxent, Potomac, and Choptank Rivers). Classification and regression tree (CART) models were developed using concurrent collections of water-quality parameters for each bioassay monitoring location during 1990-2003, which satisfactorily predicted the bioassay-based measures of nutrient limitation (classification accuracy = 96%). Predictions from the CART models using water-quality monitoring data showed enhanced nutrient limitation over the period of 1985-2020 at four of the six stations, including the downstream station in each of these three tributaries. These results indicate detectable, long-term water-quality improvements in the tidal tributaries. Overall, this research provides a new analytical tool for detecting signs of ecosystem recovery following nutrient reductions. More broadly, the approach can be adapted to other waterbodies with long-term bioassays and water-quality data sets to detect ecosystem recovery.

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