A comprehensive review on solar pond research in India: Past, present and future

Solar pond is generally a shallow artificial pool of water in which considerable temperature can be established within its lower layers by suppression of convective transport. Generally, for prevention of convection, some suitable salt solution is used. In this paper, various aspects of solar pond, in terms of both simulation and experimental research advances, practical applications, economic features, challenges faced and future pros-pects, particularly with respect to Indian context have been reviewed. In general, the importance and the position of India at global level in terms of solar energy harvesting potential have been discussed. Apart from conven-tional uses of solar ponds in process heating and salt production, their applications in water distillation and thermoelectric power generation are also highlighted. Besides, stability aspect and its importance are revisited from simulations and experimental observations. Important identified areas requiring future research and development to recognize more technically feasible solar pond-based systems include organic Rankine cycle for electrical power production, crop drying, building cooling and air-conditioning based on absorption systems, thermoelectric cooling, and integration of solar ponds with other renewable energy resources. The present literature is proposed to offer guidelines in policy making aimed at addressing various societal requirements in a sustainable and affordable manner by utilizing available natural resources.

Automated summary

This paper reviews the advances in simulation and experimental research, practical applications, economic features, challenges, and future prospects of solar ponds, particularly in the context of India. In addition to traditional uses in process heating and salt production, the paper highlights the applications of solar ponds in water distillation and thermoelectric power generation. Important areas for future research and development include electrical power production, crop drying, building cooling and air-conditioning, thermoelectric cooling, and integration with other renewable energy resources.