Challenges in noninvasive skin biomarker measurements in daily practice: a longitudinal study on skin surface protein detection by the Transdermal Analysis Patch in pediatric psoriasis

Introduction: Skin surface proteins are potential biomarkers in psoriasis and can be measured noninvasively with the Transdermal Analysis Patch (TAP). This study aims to assess markers measured by TAP over time in daily clinical practice, explore their correlation with disease severity in pediatric psoriasis, and compare the TAP and tape stripping detection capability.Methods: In this prospective observational daily clinical practice study, pediatric psoriasis patients (aged >5 to <18 years) were followed during one year. At each visit, TAPs were applied on lesional (n=2), peri-lesional (n=2), and non-lesional (n=1) sites. Post-lesional skin was sampled if all lesions on the arms, legs, or trunk cleared. Treatment and psoriasis severity data were collected. IL-1RA, hBD-2, IL-1 alpha, IL-8, VEGF, CXCL-1/2, CCL-27, IL-23, hBD-1, IL-22, IL-17A, KLK-5, and IL-4 levels were quantified by spot-ELISA. For the statistical analysis Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman correlations were used. Detection capability of the TAP was compared to tape stripping in a separate cohort of adult psoriasis patients.Results: 32 patients (median age 15.0 years, median PASI 5.2) were followed for a mean of 11.3 (+/- 3.4) months with a total of 104 visits. In lesional skin (n=197), significantly higher IL-1RA, hBD-2, IL-8, VEGF, CXCL-1/2, IL-23, hBD-1, IL-22, CCL-27, and IL-17A levels were found compared to non-lesional skin (n=104), while IL-1 alpha was higher in non-lesional skin. Marker levels were highly variable over time and did not correlate with disease severity measured by PASI or SUM scores. Comparison of the TAP and tape strip detection capability in adult psoriasis patients (n=10) showed that lesional hBD-2, IL1-alpha, IL-8, and VEGF, and non-lesional IL-1RA, hBD-2, IL-8, and VEGF were more frequently detected in tape extracts than TAPs.Conclusion: Due to the lack of correlation with clinical disease severity and the current detection capability of the markers measured by TAP in psoriasis, its use in regular practice is still a bridge too far.

Automated summary

The study found significant differences in markers measured by TAP in pediatric psoriasis patients, with substantial variability over time but no clear correlation with disease severity.