A critical review on extraction of valuable metals from solid waste

As a potential reusable resource, solid waste is gradually being used for extracting valuable metals. In recent years, new technologies such as electrochemistry, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids and bioleaching have been developed to provide new options for the recovery of valuable metals. This paper reviews the existing technologies used for the extraction of valuable metals in solid wastes, mainly including inorganic reagent leaching, organic reagent leaching, ion exchange, and bioleaching. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of common extraction methods are analyzed, and suggestions for optimizing the existing extraction process are proposed. Supercritical fluid extraction in the recovery of valuable metals demonstrates green reactions and resource recovery, which has important economic and environmental benefits. In addition, to promote the recovery and high value-added treatment of valuable metals in solid waste, future studies are recommended to focus on the improvement of processes and the use of green processes.

Automated summary

With the development of new technologies, the methods for extracting valuable metals from solid waste are becoming more diverse. This paper reviews and analyzes the existing technologies for extracting valuable metals from solid waste, and proposes suggestions for optimizing the extraction process. Supercritical fluid extraction shows significant economic and environmental benefits.