4.7 Article

Glutamine synthetase plays an important role in ammonium tolerance of Myriophyllum aquaticum

期刊

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 848, 期 -, 页码 -

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ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157596

关键词

Phytoremediation; Myriophyilum aquaticum; Glutamine synthetase; Methionine sulfoximine; Ammonium accumulation; Amino acids reprogramming

资金

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [42077103]
  2. Project of Water Science and Technology in Hunan Province [XSKJ2019081-52]
  3. Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA23020402, XDA23020600]
  4. Key Research Project of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDJ-SSW-DQC041]

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High-strength ammonium poses a significant threat to the rural ecological environment, while Myriophyllum aquaticum wetlands have high tolerance and removal rate of NH4+. This study reveals that GS inhibition can lead to phytotoxicity in M. aquaticum by causing NH4+ accumulation through affecting nitrogen metabolism and amino acid synthesis.
High-strength ammonium (NH4+), the main characteristic of swine wastewater, poses a significant threat to the rural ecological environment. As a novel phytoremediation technology, Myriophyllum aquaticum wetlands have high tolerance and removal rate of NH4+. Glutamine synthetase (GS), a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen (N) metabolism, is hypothesized to play an important role in the tolerance of M. aquaticum to high NH4+. Herein, the responses of M. aquaticum to OS inhibition by 0.1 mM methionine sulfoximine (MSX) under 15 mM NH4+ were investigated. After 5 days, visible NH4+ toxicity symptoms were observed in MSX-treated plants. Compared with the control, the NH4+ accumulation in the leaves increased by 20.99 times, while that of stems and roots increased by 3.27 times and 47.76 %, suggesting that GS inhibition had a greater impact on the leaves. GS inhibition decreased pigments in the leaves by 8.64 %-41.06 %, triggered oxidative stress, and affected ions concentrations in M. aquaticum. The concentrations of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine decreased by 63.46 %-97.43 % and 12.37 %-76.41 %, respectively, while the concentrations of most other amino acids increased after 5 days of MSX treatment, showing that GS inhibition reprogrammed the amino acids synthesis. A decrease in Gln explains the regulations of N-related genes, including increased expression of AMT in roots and decreased expression of GS, GOGAT, GDH, and AS, which would cause further NH4+ accumulation via promoting NH4+ uptake and decreasing NH4+ assimilation in M. aquaticum. This study revealed for the first time that GS inhibition under high NH4+ condition can lead to phytotoxicity in M. aquaticum due to NH4+ accumulation. The physiological and molecular responses of the leaves, stems, and roots confirmed the importance of GS in the high NH4+ tolerance of M. aquaticum. These findings provide new insights into NH4+ tolerance mechanisms in M. aquaticum and a theoretical foundation for the phytorctnediation of high NH4+-loaded swine wastewater.

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