4.4 Editorial Material

Clozapine, an update

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Letter Psychiatry

Clozapine toxicity and coronavirus disease 2019: A case report

Maria Sague et al.

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH (2022)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

COVID-19: Risks, Complications, and Monitoring in Patients on Clozapine

Selene R. T. Veerman et al.

Summary: The Dutch Clozapine Collaboration Group provides advice on managing clozapine-treated patients infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Patients on clozapine may have a higher risk of infection and complications from COVID-19, such as increased plasma levels of clozapine and decreased white blood cell counts. It is recommended to monitor clozapine plasma levels and adjust dosages accordingly, while considering reduction in dose during COVID-19.

PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY (2022)

Review Psychiatry

Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors

Christoph U. Correll et al.

Summary: People with schizophrenia have a significantly higher risk of premature death compared to the general population. This increased mortality risk is associated with factors such as suicide and natural causes. Antipsychotic medications, particularly second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics and clozapine, can reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with schizophrenia. Targeted treatment and early use of antipsychotics can help mitigate this mortality gap.

WORLD PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Psychiatry

Distinctive pattern of neutrophil count change in clozapine-associated, life-threatening agranulocytosis

David Taylor et al.

Summary: The occurrence of agranulocytosis during clozapine treatment varies in severity, with some episodes being life-threatening while others are not. Monitoring schemes should focus on identifying true life-threatening agranulocytosis induced by clozapine.

SCHIZOPHRENIA (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Clozapine prescribing barriers in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia A systematic review

Anum Iqbal Baig et al.

Summary: Clozapine, the only FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, is under-prescribed due to barriers related to provider knowledge, concerns about side effects, and poor adherence. Recommendations to overcome these barriers include improving prescriber education and training, utilizing interdisciplinary teams and integrated care, and simplifying blood test monitoring.

MEDICINE (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Point-of-care measurement of clozapine concentration using a finger-stick blood sample

David Taylor et al.

Summary: This study shows that clozapine concentrations can be accurately measured at the point of care using capillary blood samples collected via a finger stick. There is a strong positive correlation between results from venous and capillary sampling methods, with minimal bias between standard assay and point-of-care testing.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Review Psychiatry

Antipsychotic treatment strategies for acute phase and treatment resistance in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the guidelines and algorithms

Yutaro Shimomura et al.

Summary: Current guidelines and algorithms recommend increasing antipsychotic dose and switching to another antipsychotic, particularly clozapine, for treatment-resistant schizophrenia during the acute phase.

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH (2021)

Article Psychiatry

There Is Life After the UK Clozapine Central Non-Rechallenge Database

Ebenezer Oloyede et al.

Summary: Between 2002 and 2019, 115 patients were placed on CNRD, with 6% meeting FDA criteria for clozapine discontinuation. Among CNRD patients rechallenged with clozapine, 95% were successfully rechallenged, indicating that implementing updated FDA monitoring criteria in the UK may significantly reduce clozapine discontinuation due to hematological reasons.

SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN (2021)

Review Psychiatry

Characteristics and definitions of ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mattia Campana et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to characterize ultra-treatment-resistant Schizophrenia patients and investigate the consistency in CRS definitions between studies. The results showed a large heterogeneity of CRS definitions and insufficient guidelines implementation. A new score modeled on a best practice definition was offered to help future trials increase their reliability.

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH (2021)

Review Psychiatry

Efficacy and safety of clozapine in psychotic disorders-a systematic quantitative meta-review

Elias Wagner et al.

Summary: This study provides an updated review on the efficacy, tolerability, and management of clozapine in neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting its superior overall efficacy in schizophrenia compared to other antipsychotics despite unfavorable adverse events. Further clinical studies and multidimensional side-effect management strategies are recommended to inform future guidelines.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Letter Psychiatry

Ensuring care for clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Jessica Nichols et al.

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH (2020)