Renewable medium-small projects in Spain: Past and present of microgrid development

This paper reviews the on-going research studies and microgrid pilot projects focusing on the Spanish case because of its renewable energy potential with the objective set on highlights the main investigation drifts in the field such as the used technologies, control methods and operation challenges. That way, several smart grids have been commented and compared, finding that photovoltaic and wind power are the favourites energy generation technologies. Although batteries are the most widespread energy storage systems, green hydrogen has a strong presence, showing up in a third of the Spanish smart grids. Traditional control strategies are being displaced by advanced ones such as MPC or fuzzy logic due to its higher efficiency. The reader will have a clear view of the potential of renewable energy penetration in the form of smart grids in Spain, through the study of the equipment involved in the different facilities contribution and the main control strategies implemented, in a comparative analysis of the key aspect of this emerging technology.

Automated summary

This paper reviews the ongoing research studies and microgrid pilot projects in Spain, focusing on the renewable energy potential in the country. It highlights the main investigation trends in the field, including the use of technologies, control methods, and operational challenges. The study finds that photovoltaic and wind power are the most favored energy generation technologies, and batteries are the most widely used energy storage systems. Advanced control strategies such as MPC or fuzzy logic are replacing traditional strategies for higher efficiency. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of renewable energy penetration through smart grids in Spain, examining the equipment and control strategies implemented in various facilities.