Significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on race/ethnic differences in US mortality

Article Economics

The labour market fallout of COVID-19: Who endures, who doesn't and what are the implications for inequality

Sergei Soares et al.

Summary: Using survey data from seven countries, this article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and finds that government responses have exacerbated inequalities.

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life-expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

Summary: The study analyzed the life tables of 29 countries in 2020, finding that life expectancy at birth declined in most countries from 2019 to 2020, mainly due to increased mortality above age 60 and official COVID-19 deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered significant mortality increases in 2020 on a scale not seen since World War II in Western Europe or the breakup of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Age-Specific Mortality During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic and Life Expectancy Changes in the United States and Peer Countries, 1980-2020

Ryan K. Masters et al.

Summary: Since the 1980s, the United States has consistently had a lower life expectancy at birth compared to other high-income countries. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated this disadvantage, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19

Yan Xie et al.

Summary: Individuals with COVID-19, even those who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection, are at an increased long-term risk of various cardiovascular disorders. A study using national healthcare databases found that beyond the first 30 days after infection, individuals with COVID-19 have an elevated risk of developing cerebrovascular disorders, heart diseases, and other cardiovascular complications. The risk increases depending on the care setting during the acute phase.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Life expectancy drop in 2020. Estimates based on Human Mortality Database

Stefano Mazzuco et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes in mortality trends worldwide. The analysis based on the Human Mortality Database (HMD) Short-Term Mortality Fluctuations (STMF) data series shows that the estimated reductions in life expectancy for Russia, USA, and England and Wales are more pessimistic than previously proposed. On the other hand, some countries like Denmark, Iceland, Norway, New Zealand, and South Korea have experienced limited decreases or even increases in life expectancy.

PLOS ONE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status — COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021–January 2022

Christopher A. Taylor et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of Age Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From March 2020 to October 2021 in the US

Irma T. Elo et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Demography

Divergent trends in lifespan variation during mortality crises

Serena Vigezzi et al.

Summary: This study investigates the trends of lifespan variation during different mortality crises, focusing on different age groups and gender differences. The results show that relative lifespan variation increases while absolute variation decreases during crises, and quickly reverts to pre-crisis levels. Mortality at older ages leads to a temporary increase in absolute variation, but does not affect relative variation. The lifespan variation of females is less affected than males.

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The unequal burden of the Covid-19 pandemic: Capturing racial/ethnic disparities in US cause-specific mortality

Anneliese N. Luck et al.

Summary: This study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mortality rates by underlying cause of death and race/ethnicity. Findings show that although Covid-19 death rates were highest among the Hispanic community, the largest increase in all-cause mortality occurred among the Black population. The study also reveals significant increases in mortality from heart disease, diabetes, and external causes of death within the Black population. Interestingly, percentage increases in all-cause mortality were similar between men and women, as well as for different age groups within the Black and White populations, while the Hispanic population saw the greatest percentage increases in mortality among working-aged men.

SSM-POPULATION HEALTH (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Disproportionate Impact of the Pandemic on Older Black and Latinx Adults

Marc A. Garcia et al.

Summary: This article examines the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the health of older Black and Latinx adults and highlights how structural racism exacerbates the risks faced by these groups. It emphasizes the need for measures to be taken to alleviate the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on older Black and Latinx adults.

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19-Related Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths A Systematic Review

Katherine Mackey et al.

Summary: African American/Black and Hispanic populations in the U.S. have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and COVID-19-related mortality compared to non-Hispanic White populations. However, case fatality rates are similar. Health care access and exposure risks may contribute to the observed disparities.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Estimating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality in England and Wales: a population-level analysis

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

Summary: By analyzing data from England and Wales from week 10 to week 47 in 2020, it was found that COVID-19 led to over 57,000 excess deaths, with higher mortality rates in men. Life expectancy at birth decreased, and lifespan inequality also decreased during the same period.

JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations

Theresa Andrasfay et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced life expectancy in the United States, particularly impacting Black and Latino populations. Projections suggest a stark decline in life expectancy for these groups compared to Whites, with significant implications for health disparities.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries

Hector Pifarre i Arolas et al.

Summary: The study reveals a significant loss of years of life due to COVID-19 globally, especially in heavily affected countries. The majority of these lost years are from deaths under 75 years old, particularly those under 55, with men losing 45% more life years than women. These findings emphasize the need for policies that protect vulnerable demographics with the highest loss of life-years.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries

Nazrul Islam et al.

Summary: The estimated changes in life expectancy and years of life lost in 2020 due to the covid-19 pandemic were observed to be significant in most countries, with a higher impact on men than women. The excess years of life lost in 2020 were more than five times higher than those from the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2015.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Trends in Deaths of Despair Among Working-Aged White and Black Americans, 1990-2017

Andrea M. Tilstra et al.

Summary: The declining life expectancy for US White men and women is primarily attributed to period-based increases in drug-related deaths since the late 1990s. Deaths related to alcohol use and suicide among White and Black Americans changed during the Great Recession, with some racial differences across cohorts.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death in 17 million adults in England: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Rohini Mathur et al.

Summary: The study found that some minority ethnic populations in England have higher risks of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and experiencing adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared to the White population, even after adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and household characteristics.

LANCET (2021)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long COVID - metabolic risk factors and novel therapeutic management

Kamlesh Khunti et al.

Summary: Cardiometabolic conditions, like type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are linked to severe COVID-19 and long COVID. Interventions targeting multiple risk factors, along with the use of novel glucose-lowering agents, are recommended for managing long COVID in people.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Out-of-Hospital COVID-19 Deaths: Consequences for Quality of Medical Care and Accuracy of Cause of Death Coding

Elizabeth B. Pathak et al.

Summary: The study found that children were most likely to die out of hospital or in the emergency department among COVID-19 deaths, while elderly adults were least likely. The proportions of deaths coded to symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions increased from 2019 to 2020 in all age and race/ethnicity groups. Additionally, the majority of young COVID-19 decedents were racial/ethnic minorities.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality during the first two waves of the Coronavirus Pandemic: a nationwide cohort study of 29 million adults in England

Vahe Nafilyan et al.

Summary: Ethnic minorities in the UK experienced higher COVID-19 mortality rates compared to the White British population in both the first and second waves of the pandemic. Adjusting for geographical factors explained differences in mortality rates in the first wave but not the second wave. Despite some attenuation after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health status, individuals from Bangladeshi and Pakistani backgrounds still had significantly higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in both waves.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

COVID-19 Mortality At The Neighborhood Level: Racial And Ethnic Inequalities Deepened In Minnesota In 2020

Elizabeth Wrigley-Field et al.

Summary: Research shows significant racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality, especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods. In 2020, total mortality increased by 14% for non-Hispanic White people and 41% for BIPOC. Furthermore, statistical data indicates that most of the growth in racial disparity is due to mortality gaps between White people and communities of color.

HEALTH AFFAIRS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across populations in the USA and other high income countries: simulations of provisional mortality data

Steven H. Woolf et al.

Summary: The United States saw a significant decrease in life expectancy between 2018 and 2020, especially among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black populations, widening the gap between the US and other high income nations. The disproportionate impact on racial and ethnic minority groups reflects longstanding policy choices and systemic racism.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 and excess mortality in the United States: A county-level analysis

Andrew C. Stokes et al.

Summary: This study analyzed excess mortality related to COVID-19 in 2020 in the United States, finding that for every 100 COVID-19 deaths, there were 120 all-cause deaths, with 17% of excess deaths not attributed to COVID-19. Counties with lower median household incomes and education levels, poorer health, more diabetes, and located in the South and West reported higher proportions of excess deaths not assigned to COVID-19.

PLOS MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Estimated Life Expectancy by Race/Ethnicity in the United States, 2020

Theresa Andrasfay et al.

Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and estimated life expectancy among different racial/ethnic groups in the US.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

US life expectancy stalls due to cardiovascular disease, not drug deaths

Neil K. Mehta et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tracking the reach of COVID-19 kin loss with a bereavement multiplier applied to the United States

Ashton M. Verdery et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

US racial inequality may be as deadly as COVID-19

Elizabeth Wrigley-Field

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mechanical Reperfusion for Patients With STEMI

Giuseppe De Luca et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis

Timothy P. Hanna et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The impact of violence on Venezuelan life expectancy and lifespan inequality

Jenny Garcia et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Reflection on modern methods: years of life lost due to premature mortality-a versatile and comprehensive measure for monitoring non-communicable disease mortality

Ramon Martinez et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Upsurge of Homicides and Its Impact on Life Expectancy and Life Span Inequality in Mexico, 2005-2015

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2019)

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Article Demography

The threshold age of the lifetable entropy

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Explaining recent mortality trends among younger and middle-aged White Americans

Ryan K. Masters et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark: an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (2018)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Trends in Black and White Opioid Mortality in the United States, 1979-2015

Monica J. Alexander et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Trends in the contribution of major causes of death to the black-white life expectancy gap by US state

Corinne A. Riddell et al.

HEALTH & PLACE (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Recent trends in life expectancy across high income countries: retrospective observational study

Jessica Y. Ho et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2018)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

The case for monitoring life-span inequality

Alyson A. van Raalte et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Article Demography

Lifespan Dispersion in Times of Life Expectancy Fluctuation: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe

Jose Manuel Aburto et al.

DEMOGRAPHY (2018)

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Article Demography

Longevity and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment in Spain: 1960-2015

Inaki Permanyer et al.

DEMOGRAPHY (2018)

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Article Psychiatry

Cause-specific life-years lost in people with mental disorders: a nationwide, register-based cohort study

Annette Erlangsen et al.

LANCET PSYCHIATRY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Equity and length of lifespan are not the same

Benjamin Seligman et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

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Article Demography

Trends in Life Expectancy and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment: United States, 1990-2010

Isaac Sasson

DEMOGRAPHY (2016)

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Article Demography

Hispanic-White Differences in Lifespan Variability in the United States

Joseph T. Lariscy et al.

DEMOGRAPHY (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The stagnation of the Mexican male life expectancy in the first decade of the 21st century: the impact of homicides and diabetes mellitus

Vladimir Canudas-Romo et al.

JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH (2015)

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Article Demography

Why the racial gap in life expectancy is declining in the United States

Glenn Firebaugh et al.

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH (2014)

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Article Demography

Why Lifespans Are More Variable Among Blacks Than Among Whites in the United States

Glenn Firebaugh et al.

DEMOGRAPHY (2014)

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Article Demography

Divergence in Age Patterns of Mortality Change Drives International Divergence in Lifespan Inequality

Duncan O. S. Gillespie et al.

DEMOGRAPHY (2014)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Mortality Under Age 50 Accounts For Much Of The Fact That US Life Expectancy Lags That Of Other High-Income Countries

Jessica Y. Ho

HEALTH AFFAIRS (2013)

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Article Demography

Cause-specific measures of life years lost

Per Kragh Andersen et al.

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH (2013)

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Article Demography

Perturbation Analysis of Indices of Lifespan Variability

Alyson A. van Raalte et al.

DEMOGRAPHY (2013)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Trends in the Black-White Life Expectancy Gap, 2003-2008

Sam Harper et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2012)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Life expectancy and disparity: an international comparison of life table data

James W. Vaupel et al.

BMJ OPEN (2011)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Length of life inequality around the globe

Jeroen Smits et al.

SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Demography

The age separating early deaths from late deaths

Zhen Zhang et al.

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH (2009)

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Article Demography

Inequality in life spans and a new perspective on mortality convergence across industrialized countries

RD Edwards et al.

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW (2005)

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Significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on race/ethnic differences in US mortality

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