Extreme hydroxyl amounts generated by thunderstorm-induced corona on grounded metal objects

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Extreme hydroxyl amounts generated by thunderstorm-induced corona on grounded metal objects

William H. Brune et al.

Summary: Atmospheric electrical discharges, specifically corona formed on grounded metal objects under thunderstorms, generate significant amounts of OH, HO2, and O-3. Field measurements and laboratory experiments show that corona on lightning rods and high-voltage power lines can produce concentrations of OH that are significantly higher than ambient levels.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Polymer degradation through chemical change: a quantum-based test of inferred reactions in irradiated polydimethylsiloxane

Matthew P. Kroonblawd et al.

Summary: Chemical reaction schemes are important tools for interpreting experimental and simulation data, but their assumptions are often unverified. This study uses quantum-based molecular dynamics simulations to reexamine the chemical damage mechanism caused by crosslinking in irradiated silicone polymers and discovers new correlations.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2022)

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Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Global Impact of Lightning-Produced Oxidants

Jingqiu Mao et al.

Summary: Lightning plays a significant role in tropospheric oxidation by generating a large amount of oxidants, including HOx and O-3, which can impact global tropospheric composition, particularly affecting OH, CO, O-3, and reactive nitrogen. The study emphasizes the importance and uncertainties of lightning-produced oxidants, underscoring the need to reconsider the role of lightning in tropospheric oxidation chemistry.

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Extreme oxidant amounts produced by lightning in storm clouds

W. H. Brune et al.

Summary: Lightning enhances the atmosphere's self-cleansing ability by producing nitric oxide (NO) and forming ozone (O-3) and the oxidant hydroxyl radical (OH). It also directly generates the oxidants OH and the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), with orders of magnitude greater quantities than previous atmospheric observations. Lightning-generated OH in all storms globally may account for a highly uncertain, but substantial, 2 to 16% of global atmospheric OH oxidation.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Electrical Discharges Produce Prodigious Amounts of Hydroxyl and Hydroperoxyl Radicals

Jena M. Jenkins et al.

Summary: This laboratory study demonstrates that prodigious amounts of HOx can be generated through electrical discharges over ranges of pressure and water vapor mixing ratios relevant to the troposphere. The results show that HOx and OH exposure were approximately independent of pressure and slightly increased with water vapor, while NOx was approximately independent of both pressure and water vapor.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic