Experimental investigation of hole expansion ratio for automotive-grade steels

Hole expansion ratio (HER) is widely used to quantify the stretch-flangeability of sheet metal. HER is determined from the maximum limit of successful expansion of a central hole by a conical punch. The central hole edge is prepared by the punching process. Around 45 & DEG; cracks are noticed at the central hole edge after successfully completing the hole expansion test. HER of punched hole correlates with uniaxial tensile properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, total elongation, post-uniform elongation, and coefficient of normal anisotropy. Comparisons of strength (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength), anisotropy (coefficient of normal anisotropy) and deformation (total elongation, post-uniform elongation) parameters among steel grades are essential to relate HER among steel grades. Interstitial free steel is the highest, and SPFH steel is the lowest HER among the four steel grades. HER correlates nicely with the notch mouth opening displacement at peak load.

Automated summary

Hole expansion ratio (HER) is a widely used measurement for the stretch-flangeability of sheet metal, determined by the maximum limit of successful expansion of a central hole. The HER of a punched hole is related to the uniaxial tensile properties, anisotropy, and deformation parameters of the steel grades. Comparisons among different steel grades are essential to understand the relationship between HER and other mechanical properties. Interstitial free steel has the highest HER, while SPFH steel has the lowest HER among the four steel grades. The HER correlates well with the notch mouth opening displacement at peak load.