Dynamical Preparation of Quantum Spin Liquids in Rydberg Atom Arrays

We theoretically analyze recent experiments [Semeghini et al., Science 374, 1242 (2021)] demonstrating the onset of a topological spin liquid using a programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays. In the experiment, robust signatures of topological order emerge in out-of-equilibrium states that are prepared using a quasiadiabatic state preparation protocol. We show theoretically that the state preparation protocol can be optimized to target the fixed point of the topological phase-the resonating valence bond state of hard dimers-in a time that scales linearly with the number of atoms. Moreover, we provide a two-parameter variational manifold of tensor network states that accurately describe the many-body dynamics of the preparation process. Using this approach we analyze the nature of the nonequilibrium state, establishing the emergence of topological order.

Automated summary

Recent experiments demonstrate the onset of a topological spin liquid using a programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays. By preparing out-of-equilibrium states using a quasiadiabatic state preparation protocol, robust signatures of topological order emerge. The state preparation protocol can be optimized to target the fixed point of the topological phase, and a two-parameter variational manifold of tensor network states accurately describes the many-body dynamics of the preparation process.