Nanometer-scale displacement measurement using a simple diffraction grating with a quadrature detection technique

A phase-sensitive transparent grating interferometer is proposed to measure small displacements. A transparent grating is inserted between a light source and a reflective mirror. The diffracted light beams of the forward and backward propagation are superposed to form the interference pattern. When two detectors are placed at two different positions of the interference fringe in such a way that the signals have quadrature phase difference, the phase variation can infer the displacement of the reflected mirror. This simple setup can measure the displacement of the mirror at nanometer scale with 98.2% accuracy, high precision with 10 nm in standard deviation, and lowest bound of 0.4 nm resolution. (c) 2022 Optica Publishing Group

Automated summary

A phase-sensitive transparent grating interferometer is proposed for measuring small displacements. By inserting a transparent grating between a light source and a reflective mirror, and superposing the diffracted light beams of the forward and backward propagation to form an interference pattern, the displacement of the reflected mirror can be inferred. This simple setup can measure nanometer-scale mirror displacement with high precision.