Biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles for the treatment of bacterial infection

Biofilm infectious diseases have become a growing global health issue. The complex biofilm structure makes conventional antibiotic therapy ineffective because of poor biofilm penetration and biofilm antibiotic tolerance. Recently, the progresses in the development of biofilm microenvironment-responsive nano-particles afford a promising strategy for combating biofilm infection. Emerging evidences confirm that biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles have been programmed to increase biofilm penetra-tion and achieve drug targeted delivery, further enhancing the antibiofilm effect of therapeutic agents and minimizing their side effects. In this review, the biofilm formation process and its microenvironmental characteristics are first introduced. On this basis, we outline the design strategies of biofilm micro-environment-responsive nanoparticles as well as their working principle. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles are discussed. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Biofilm infectious diseases have become a growing global health issue, and conventional antibiotic therapy is ineffective due to poor biofilm penetration and antibiotic tolerance. The development of biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles offers a promising strategy for combating biofilm infection.