Exophiala dermatitidis Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in a Child with Ewing's Sarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review on Paediatric Infections

Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous, ubiquitous, dimorphic fungus, which can cause a wide range of invasive diseases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Bloodstream infections due to E. dermatitidis are rarely encountered in clinical practice, especially in pediatric patients. We describe a case of central line-associated bloodstream infection due to E. dermatitidis in a 4.5-year-old boy with Ewing's sarcoma. The fungus was isolated from blood specimens taken from the Hickman line. The isolate was identified by its phenotypic characteristics, by MALDI-TOF and by using molecular methods. The infection was successfully treated with voriconazole and catheter removal. The literature was also reviewed on pediatric infections caused by E. dermatitidis, focusing on clinical manifestations and challenges associated with diagnosis and management.

Automated summary

This study presents a case of central line-associated bloodstream infection caused by Exophiala dermatitidis in a 4.5-year-old boy with Ewing's sarcoma. The infection was successfully treated with appropriate antifungal medication and catheter removal. The literature review highlights the clinical manifestations and challenges in diagnosing and managing pediatric infections caused by E. dermatitidis.