期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 516, 期 3, 页码 4612-4626出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac2559
关键词
galaxies: star clusters; galaxies: star formation
资金
- Australian Research Council through the Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) Fellowship - Australian Government [DE220100766]
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) [CE170100013]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [726384/Empire, 694343]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through an Emmy Noether Research Group [KR4801/1-1]
- DFG Sachbeihilfe [KR4801/2-1]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme via the ERC Starting Grant MUSTANG [714907]
- DFG through an Emmy Noether Research Group [CH2137/1-1]
- NASA [NAS 5-26555]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [110-2112-M032-020-MY3]
- ANID BASAL project [FB210003]
- FONDECYT regular grant [1211000]
- DFG via the Collaborative Research Center `The Milky Way System' [SFB 881, 138713538]
- Heidelberg Cluster of Excellence 'STRUCTURES' [EXC 2181 390900948]
- European Research Council in the ERC Synergy Grant 'ECOGAL' [855130]
- [15654]
- Australian Research Council [DE220100766] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
The study reveals that after 4-6 million years, star clusters are no longer associated with any gas clouds. Moreover, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of star clusters and GMCs are measured to quantify the fractal nature of hierarchical star formation. Young star clusters (<=10 million years) show stronger autocorrelation on kpc and smaller spatial scales compared to the >10 million-year-old stellar populations, indicating the dissolution of the hierarchical structure over time.
In the hierarchical view of star formation, giant molecular clouds (GMCs) undergo fragmentation to form small-scale structures made up of stars and star clusters. Here we study the connection between young star clusters and cold gas across a range of extragalactic environments by combining the high resolution (1 '') PHANGS-ALMA catalogue of GMCs with the star cluster catalogues from PHANGS-HST. The star clusters are spatially matched with the GMCs across a sample of 11 nearby star-forming galaxies with a range of galactic environments (centres, bars, spiral arms, etc.). We find that after 4 - 6 Myr the star clusters are no longer associated with any gas clouds. Additionally, we measure the autocorrelation of the star clusters and GMCs as well as their cross-correlation to quantify the fractal nature of hierarchical star formation. Young (<= 10 Myr) star clusters are more strongly autocorrelated on kpc and smaller spatial scales than the > 10 Myr stellar populations, indicating that the hierarchical structure dissolves over time.
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