期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 517, 期 4, 页码 5541-5559出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3022
关键词
methods: analytical; gamma-ray bursts
资金
- European Union Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD2020 project [871158]
- JSPS [17H06362, 22H00130, 20H01904, 20H01901, 20H00158, 18H01215, 17H06357, 17H06131, 19H01893, 21H04487]
This study reveals the relationship between electromagnetic waves and gravitational waves by observing the changes in spectral slope during particle acceleration in both relativistic and non-relativistic scenarios. The relativistic spectral slope shows a steep change near the peak time of the light curve and approaches the non-relativistic limit after about 10 times the peak time.
Particle acceleration is expected to be different between relativistic and non-relativistic collisionless shocks. We show that electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves (GWs), gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, are ideal targets for observing trans-relativistic evolution of accelerated electron distribution because the GWs spot nearby GRBs with off-axis jets, otherwise missed in gamma-ray observations. We find that the relativistic spectral slope begins to change steeply near the peak time of the light curve and approaches the non-relativistic limit in about 10 times the peak time. The trans-relativistic evolution of the afterglow synchrotron spectrum is consistent with GRB 170817A observations within errors, and will be measurable in similar but more distant events at a GW horizon similar to 200 Mpc in a denser environment. We roughly estimate that such events represent a fraction of 10-50 per cent of the GRB 170817A-like off-axis short GRBs. We also find that the spectral evolution does not depend on the jet structure if their light curves are similar to each other.
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