Towards realising the redefined kelvin

Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Emerging technologies in the field of thermometry

S. Dedyulin et al.

Summary: This review presents emerging temperature sensor technologies that have the potential to disrupt traditional resistance thermometry, and are in the early stages of commercial development and metrological assessment.

MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Highly-accurate second-virial-coefficient values for helium from 3.7 K to 273 K determined by dielectric-constant gas thermometry

Christof Gaiser et al.

Summary: Since the redefinition of the kelvin in 2019 via fixing the Boltzmann constant, different gas-thermometry methods have been used to realise the unit. The use of data from ab initio calculations makes primary thermometry easier, but rigorous estimation of the uncertainty of theoretical calculations is complex. A comparison with highly-accurate experimental values is necessary to check the results.

METROLOGIA (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Path-integral calculation of the fourth virial coefficient of helium isotopes

Giovanni Garberoglio et al.

Summary: In this study, the fourth virial coefficients D(T) of He-4 and He-3 were calculated using the PIMC method and two- and three-body potentials. The effects of exchange due to the bosonic or fermionic nature of the helium isotope were considered, with the results showing relatively insignificant effects for He-4 but necessary for accuracy in He-3 at low temperatures. Uncertainty in the results is dominated by statistical uncertainty at low temperatures and by three-body potentials and omitted higher-order contributions at high temperatures.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Survey of subrange inconsistency of long-stem standard platinum resistance thermometers

A. Peruzzi et al.

Summary: The study investigated the subrange inconsistency of a large ensemble of standard platinum resistance thermometers, showing that the mean SRI and standard deviation increased with the upper temperature limit. Furthermore, the contribution of fixed-point uncertainty propagation to SRI should be taken into account when making recommendations for typical uncertainties due to non-uniqueness.

METROLOGIA (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer: A novel approach with Johnson noise thermometry

D. Drung et al.

Summary: The dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer (DART) combines resistance thermometry and Johnson noise thermometry methods to achieve fast and accurate temperature measurements. The instrument directly measures the spectral density of thermal noise and corrects for parasitic effects and amplifier noise, providing stable and reliable temperature readings over time and varying temperatures. The system, designed for industrial temperature ranges, is expected to reach uncertainties suitable for accurate measurements traceable to international temperature standards.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermophysical properties of low-density neon gas from highly accurate first-principles calculations and dielectric-constant gas thermometry measurements

Robert Hellmann et al.

Summary: New interatomic potential energy and interaction-induced polarizability curves were developed for ground-state neon atoms to predict various thermophysical properties accurately. The calculations, along with experimental analysis, led to highly precise predictions for neon's properties, surpassing available experimental data in accuracy.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Laser-Based Primary Thermometry: A Review

R. Gotti et al.

Summary: Laser-based primary thermometry using Doppler broadening to determine the absolute temperature of a gas has made significant advancements, reaching an accuracy of about 10 ppm in the best cases. This method is expected to contribute to the practical realization of the new kelvin and address the uncertainties of the 1990 international temperature scale.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Acoustic measurement of the triple point of neon T Ne and thermodynamic calibration of a transfer standard for accurate cryogenic thermometry

Changzhao Pan et al.

Summary: In this study, absolute primary acoustic gas thermometry (AGT) was used to calibrate a Pt-Co resistance thermometer. The results re-determined the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of neon (T (Ne)) and established a link between T* and the temperature ratios measured by single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry (SPRIGT). The T*-linked SPRIGT system can now calibrate other thermometers on the thermodynamic temperature scale without using the international temperature scale ITS-90.

METROLOGIA (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Primary thermometry at 4 K, 14 K, and 25 K applying dielectric-constant gas thermometry

Christof Gaiser et al.

Summary: This note provides a supplement to a paper on thermometry at low temperatures, focusing on the accuracy of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 at different reference points. It demonstrates that dielectric-constant gas thermometry can be effectively used for practical primary thermometry and employing ab initio values for virial coefficients of helium can significantly reduce measurement efforts. Despite achieved uncertainties, the realization uncertainty at certain temperatures compared to the ITS-90 is discussed.

METROLOGIA (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Realization of the triple point of carbon dioxide evaluated by the ITS-90

Yasuki Kawamura et al.

METROLOGIA (2020)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Developments towards an industrial Johnson noise thermometer

Paul Bramley et al.

MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of xenon measured by refractive index gas thermometry

P. M. C. Rourke

METROLOGIA (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Accurate second dielectric virial coefficient of helium, neon, and argon from ab initio potentials and polarizabilities

Bo Song et al.

METROLOGIA (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Standard platinum resistance thermometer interpolations in a revised temperature scale

D. R. White et al.

METROLOGIA (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Measurement of thermodynamic temperature between 5 K and 24.5 K with single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry

Bo Gao et al.

METROLOGIA (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Thermodynamic-temperature data from 30 K to 200 K

Christof Gaiser et al.

METROLOGIA (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Path-Integral Calculation of the Second Dielectric and Refractivity Virial Coefficients of Helium, Neon, and Argon

Giovanni Garberoglio et al.

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Hot and cold: defining and measuring temperature

D. R. White

Summary: Despite 300 years of scientific research, temperature measurement remains one of the most difficult and least understood physical quantities. This review provides insights into the evolution and significance of temperature concepts, the limitations of different temperature scales, accurate primary measurement techniques, the International Temperature Scale of 1990, and speculation on future developments.

CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS (2020)

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Article Optics

Theoretical determination of polarizability and magnetic susceptibility of neon

Michal Lesiuk et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A (2020)

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Article Optics

Second virial coefficients for 4He and 3He from an accurate relativistic interaction potential

P. Czachorowski et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A (2020)

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Article Optics

QED calculation of the dipole polarizability of helium atom

Mariusz Puchalski et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A (2020)

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Review Instruments & Instrumentation

Refractive-index gas thermometry

Patrick M. C. Rourke et al.

METROLOGIA (2019)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

The Redefinition of the Kelvin

Graham Machin

IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE (2019)

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Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Johnson noise thermometry

J. F. Qu et al.

MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Thermodynamics

Type 3 Non-uniqueness in Interpolations Using Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers Between-196 °C and 100 °C

R. L. Rusby et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2019)

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Review Instruments & Instrumentation

The revision of the SI-the result of three decades of progress in metrology

Michael Stock et al.

METROLOGIA (2019)

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Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

The kelvin redefined

Graham Machin

MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Realizations of the Triple Point of Sulfur Hexafluoride in Transportable and Refillable Cells

Weston L. Tew et al.

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Instruments & Instrumentation

The Boltzmann project

J. Fischer et al.

METROLOGIA (2018)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Traceable Coulomb blockade thermometry

O. Hahtela et al.

METROLOGIA (2017)

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Article Thermodynamics

Considerations Relating to Type 1 and Type 3 Non-uniqueness in SPRT Interpolations of the ITS-90

R. L. Rusby et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2017)

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Article Thermodynamics

Further Estimates of (T - T90) Close to the Triple Point of Water

R. Underwood et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2017)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The equilibrium liquidus temperatures of rhenium-carbon, platinum-carbon and cobalt-carbon eutectic alloys

D. H. Lowe et al.

METROLOGIA (2017)

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Article Thermodynamics

New Evaluation of T - T2000 from 0.02K to 1K by Independent Thermodynamic Methods

J. Engert et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2016)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Summary of achievements of the European Metrology Research Programme Project Implementing the new Kelvin (InK 1)

G. Machin et al.

MEASUREMENT (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The kelvin redefinition and its mise en pratique

B. Fellmuth et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Towards implementing the new kelvin

Graham Machin

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A SQUID-based primary noise thermometer for low-temperature metrology

A. Kirste et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Progress towards the determination of thermodynamic temperature with ultra-low uncertainty

Roberto M. Gavioso et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Thermodynamic temperature by primary radiometry

Klaus Anhalt et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Linking the thermodynamic temperature to an optical frequency: recent advances in Doppler broadening thermometry

Livio Gianfrani

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dissemination of thermodynamic temperature above the freezing point of silver

M. Sadli et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Thermodynamics

Evaluation and Selection of High-Temperature Fixed-Point Cells for Thermodynamic Temperature Assignment

Y. Yamada et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2015)

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Article Thermodynamics

On the Influence of the Furnace and Cell Conditions on the Phase Transition of the Eutectic Co-C

P. Bloembergen et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2015)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Dielectric-constant gas thermometry

Christof Gaiser et al.

METROLOGIA (2015)

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Review Instruments & Instrumentation

Acoustic gas thermometry

M. R. Moldover et al.

METROLOGIA (2014)

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Proceedings Paper Thermodynamics

Twelve Years of High Temperature Fixed Point Research: A Review (Invited Paper)

G. Machin

TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 (2013)

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Article Thermodynamics

Present Estimates of the Differences Between Thermodynamic Temperatures and the ITS-90

J. Fischer et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2011)

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Article Thermodynamics

The Roles of the Mise en Pratique for the Definition of the Kelvin

D. C. Ripple et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2010)

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Article Thermodynamics

Investigating the Inconsistency of ITS-90 for SPRTs in the Subrange 0 A°C to 419.527 A°C

J. P. Sun et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2010)

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Article Thermodynamics

Practical Implementation of the Mise en Pratique for the Definition of the Kelvin Above the Silver Point

G. Machin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2010)

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Article Thermodynamics

Collaboration Between UME and LNE-INM on Co-C Eutectic Fixed-Point Construction and Characterization

M. Sadli et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2009)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Observations on sub-range inconsistency in the SPRT interpolations of ITS-90

D. R. White et al.

METROLOGIA (2009)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The triple point of xenon.

KD Hill et al.

METROLOGIA (2005)

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Article Physics, Applied

The provisional low temperature scale from 0.9 mK to 1 K, PLTS-2000

RL Rusby et al.

JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (2002)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Study of the ITS-90 non-uniqueness for the standard platinum resistance thermometer in the sub-range 0 degrees C to 419.527 degrees C

K Zhiru et al.

METROLOGIA (2002)

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Towards realising the redefined kelvin

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