Amine-based vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction procedure for traces of tartrazine (E102) in food and water samples

A simple, fast, economical, environmentally friendly, high accurate and precise, and new amine-based liquid-phase microextraction method has been developed for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of tartrazine before its determination by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometric detection at 430 nm. The method is based on amine-based liquid-phase microextraction of tartrazine by using octylamine as extraction solvent. The optimum values of analytical parameters such as pH, extraction solvent volume, sample volume and foreign ion effects that will affect the method were determined. Tartrazine was extracted by using 300 mu L of octylamine at pH 4.0. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, preconcentration factor and the relative standard deviation, %, were calculated as 1.96 ng mL(-1) (3 s/m, n = 10), 6.53 ng mL(-1) (10 s/m, n = 10), 24 and 2.62% (n = 10), respectively. The validation of the developed method was performed by using addition/recovery tests, interday and intraday studies, and percent recovery was found higher than 94%. The method was successfully applied to determination of traces of tartrazine contents of candies, gum and tap water samples.

Automated summary

A simple, fast, economical, environmentally friendly, and high accurate amine-based liquid-phase microextraction method was developed for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of tartrazine. The method showed excellent precision and accuracy, and had low detection and quantification limits. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the tartrazine contents in various samples.